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1、2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题American and Chinese cultures are（1）in some ways. An American hostess,（2）for her culinary (烹调) skill, is likely to say, “Oh, Im so glad you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” Not so a Chinese hostess, who will instead（3）for giving you nothing even sligh
2、tly（4）and for not showing you enough honor（5）providing proper dishes.The same rules hold true（6）children. American parents speak proudly of their childrens achievements, telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll. Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top of
3、 their school, are always so “naughty”, never studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth.The Chinese take pride in “modesty”; Americans（7）“straightforwardness”. This modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness（8）three refusals before one accepts a
4、n offer, and American hosts take a “no” to mean “non”, whether its the first, second, or third time.Recently, a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation, complained to me about how the Chinese had asked them three times if they would be willing to change some proposal, an
5、d each time the Americans had said “no” clearly and（9）. My friend was angry that the Chinese had not taken his word the first time. I recognized the problem immediately and（10）why the Americans had not studied up on cultural difference before coming to China. It would have saved everyone a lot of pe
6、rplexity and needless frustration in their negotiations.问题1选项A.similarB.familiarC.oppositeD.adverse问题2选项A.complimentedB.compiledC.complementedD.commented问题3选项A.praiseB.apologizeC.be disappointedD.be satisfied问题4选项A.eligibleB.illegibleC.suitableD.edible问题5选项A.forB.onC.byD.in问题6选项A.regard forB.regard
7、asC.regardless ofD.with regard to问题7选项A.inB.ofC.forD.on问题8选项A.calls onB.calls forC.calls upD.calls in问题9选项A.ambiguouslyB.roughlyC.definitelyD.arbitrarily问题10选项A.believedB.knewC.cautionedD.wondered【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C第6题:D第7题:A第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项similar “相似的”；B选项familiar“熟悉的”
8、；C选项opposite“相反的”；D选项adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此处的意思是美国和中国的文化在某些方面是不同的。因此C选项符合题意。2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 complimented“称赞”；B选项compiled“汇编”；C选项complemented“补足”；D选项commented“评论”。此处的意思是美国的女主人被称赞厨艺不错时。因此A选项符合题意。3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 praise“表扬”；B选项apologize“道歉”；C选项be disappointed“失望”；D选项be satisfied“满意”。此处的意思是中国的主人会向你道歉。因此B选项符合题
9、意。4.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项eligible“合格的”；B选项illegible“难辨认的”；C选项suitable“适当的”；D选项edible“可食用的”。此处的意思是没什么好吃的饭菜。因此D选项符合题意。5.考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项on“在上面”；C选项by“通过”；D选项in“在里面”。此处的意思是没有提供适当的菜肴来表示对你的尊敬。因此C选项符合题意。6.考查词组辨析。A选项regard for“对的注意”；B选项regard as“把认作”；C选项regardless of“不顾”；D选项with regard to“关于”。此处的意思是这样的规则在关于对待
10、孩子的方面也有体现。因此D选项符合题意。7.考查介词辨析。take pride in“以为傲”。此处对应了前文的take pride in，表示美国人提倡坦率。因此A选项符合题意。8.考查词组辨析。A选项calls on“访问”；B选项calls for“要求”；C选项calls up“召集”；D选项calls in“召来”。此处的意思是中国人的礼貌要求他们在接受什么东西之前，一定要推脱两三回。因此B选项符合题意。9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项ambiguously“含糊不清地”；B选项roughly“粗糙地”；C选项definitely“肯定地”；D选项arbitrarily“武断地”。此处的
11、意思是美国人清楚而绝对地说“不”。因此C选项符合题意。10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项believed“相信”；B选项knew“知道”；C选项cautioned“警告”；D选项wondered“想知道”。此处的意思是想知道为什么这些美国人来中国前没有提前了解一下中国不同的文化。因此D选项符合题意。2. 单选题The machine needs a complete（ ）since it has been in use for over ten years.问题1选项A.amendingB.fittingC.mendingD.renovating【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项amendin
12、g（amend的现在分词形式）“修改”；B选项fitting“配件，安装”；C选项mending“修补”；D选项renovating“更新，修补”。根据句意可知，这个机器用了十几年，应该是需要修理，所以首先排除选项A和选项B；C选项mending多指修理机器，D选项多指翻新房屋建筑等，所以选项C更恰当。3. 单选题Recently, Congressional Democrats introduced legislation to make it easier for older workers to win age discrimination lawsuits. Age discrimin
13、ation remains a significant workplace issue.In recent ten years, 15.79 percent of cases brought to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, were described as successful claims. While this number is small given the number of workers covered by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, many, if no
14、t most, instances of age discrimination are never sued, and cases hiring discrimination often go undetected.Most of those who do sue are white, male middle-managers who are likely to have lost a sizeable salary and pension. For the most part, other groups do not sue because the costs of a lawsuit ou
15、tweigh the potential benefits. Age discrimination remains a significant workplace issue.There is strong experimental evidence for age discrimination in hiring, at least for entry-level jobs. Recently, I performed a labor market experiment in Boston in which I sent out thousands of resumes for fictitious (虚构的) entry-level female candidates and measured response rate based on date of high school graduation. Among this group, younge
