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1、时文阅读|新型传感器有助于预测火山爆发从前，人们在面对突如其来的自然灾害时，只能无奈地接受它们带来的苦难，被迫流离失所，甚至付出生命代价。如今，监测系统的发展使得科学家能够监测灾害来临前的迹象，这无疑给人们留出了应对灾害的时间，从而大大减少伤亡、降低损失。现在，让我们去了解一种可以预测火山爆发的新型装置吧阅读短文并回答问题Comparedtoothercausesofnaturaldisasters,volcanoesoffercluesonlywhentheyareabouttoerupt.Now,however,developmentsinmonitoringsystemshaveallo
2、wedscientiststodevelopsensors（传感器）todetectandconsequentlyforecasteruptions,allowingauthoritiestoplanforthemwithincreasingprecision.UniversityofCambridgevolcanologistMarieEdmondssaysthatscientistsarenowabletouseveryprecisesensorsthatmonitorthegasesvolcanoesemit,whichcangivecluesonthelocationofthemagm
3、a（岩浆）.Thesensorshelpwithpredictionbecausedifferentgasesareemittedatvariousstagesofaneruption.Whenmagmarises,pressureisreleasedalongwithgases.Carbondioxideisreleasedearlyonandthen,asthemagmagoeshigher,sulphurdioxideisreleased.Theratio（比例）ofthetwogasesisusedtodetectthelocationofmagmarelativetothesurfa
4、ce,tellingresearcherstheimminenceoftheeruption.EdmondsisconnectedtoaninternationalgroupknownastheDeepCarbonObservatorythathasworkedtoputnewgassensorsonfifteenofthemostactiveanddangerousvolcanoestoimprovetheforecastingofvarioustypesoferuptions.Thegassensorscontinuallymeasurewatervapor,sulphurdioxide,
5、andcarbondioxide.Theyareplacedinsidelargeboxeswithsurfaceantennae（触角）andburiedunderground.Advancesinelectronicshaveincreasedtheirprecisionandloweredtheircost,allowingmoreofthemtobeusedworldwide.Puttingthesesensorsatopactivevolcanoesisdangerous.Scientistswearreflectivesuitsthatprotectagainstheat,plus
6、gasmasksforprotectionfromcorrosivegases.Theysometimeshikelongdistancesinremoteregionstoreachasite.However,accordingtoEdmonds,theworktheydotosavepeopleslivesmakesadangerousjobworthit.Sheenjoysdoingsomethingthathelpspeople.EdmondsteamhasalsoattachedsensorstodronestomeasureemissionsfromaPapuaNewGuineav
7、olcanoforashorttime,atechniquedevelopedtogather“snapshots”oftheactivity.Thesesnapshotshelpresearcherstobetterunderstandthecomplexitiesofactivitiesthatleadtoeruptions1.Howdosensorsdetectandpredictvolcaniceruptions?A.Bysendingwarningstoresearchers.B.Bymeasuringtheheatunderground.C.Bytrackingdifferentg
8、asesreleased.D.Bystudyingthesurroundingemissions.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthegassensors?A.Theyshouldbeattachedtothemagma.B.Theyareavailablearoundtheworld.C.Theycancheckvarioustypesoferuptions.D.Theybecomemoreaccurateandexpensive.3.Whyisitriskytoplacesensorsatopactivevolcanoes?A.Thereisheatanddangerousgase
9、s.B.Itshardtofindthetopofvolcanoes.C.Scientistslackenoughsuitsandmasks.D.Activevolcanoesmayeruptatanytime.4.Whatarethesnapshotsfor?A.Predictingvolcaniceruptionsearlier.B.Attractingpeoplesattentiontovolcanoes.C.Avoidingthedangeroftheresearcherswork.D.Collectingmoreinformationforresearchers.【参考答案】CBAD
10、单词学习1.emitv.发出；散发Sulphurgaseswereemittedbythevolcano.硫磺气体由火山喷发出来。2.sulphurn.硫磺Burningsulphurcreatespoisonousfumes.燃烧的硫磺会产生有毒烟雾。4.atopprep.在顶上aflaghighatopapole高挂在旗杆顶端的旗子5.corrosiveadj.腐蚀性的Sodiumandsulphurarehighlycorrosive.钠和硫有高度的腐蚀性。6.dronen.无人机7.snapshotn.快照Letmetakeasnapshotofyouguys.让我给你们拍张快照。长难
11、句分析UniversityofCambridgevolcanologistMarieEdmondssaysthatscientistsarenowabletouseveryprecisesensorsthatmonitorthegasesvolcanoesemit,whichcangivecluesonthelocationofthemagma.【分析】句子主语为“MarieEdmonds”；“thatscientistsarenowlocationofthemagma”为“says”的宾语从句，其中“scientistsareabletousesensors”为宾语从句的主干；“thatmo
12、nitorthegasesvolcanoesemit”为定语从句，修饰先行词“instruments”；“volcanoesemit”为定语从句，修饰先行词“gases”；“whichcangivecluesonthelocationofthemagma”为非限定性定语从句，“which”代指前面整个句子。【翻译】剑桥大学的火山学家玛丽埃德蒙兹说，他们现在能够用非常精确的仪器来监测火山释放的气体，从而提供岩浆的位置线索。知识拓展1.UniversityofCambridge剑桥大学，世界顶尖的公立研究型大学，坐落于英国剑桥。剑桥大学是英语世界中第二古老的大学，其前身是一个于1209年成立的学者协会。2.theDeepCarbonObservatory深碳观测站，是一个全球研究项目，旨在转变人们对碳在地球发展中作用的认识。3.PapuaNewGuinea巴布亚新几内亚独立国(IndependentStateofPapuaNewGuinea)，简称巴布亚新几内亚，是南太平洋西部的一个岛国，大洋洲第二大国，也是英联邦成员国。
