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1、定语从句专项复习I.意义：定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。eg. I like musicthatI can dance to 先行词 关系词 定语从句关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that(指人和物) which（指物）等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和
2、先行词保持一致。II.用法: （ 限制性定语从句）1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语,不可省略）He is the man （whom/ that）I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语，可以省略）2) Whose 用来
3、指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： The noodles ( that/ which) I cooked were delicious.( which / that在句中作宾语,可以省略）I prefer music that
4、/which has great lyrics. ( which / that在句中作主语,不可以省略）指物时可用that/ which , 但有时只用 that 不用 which, 常见如下情况：(1) 当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none, few等不定代词时， All the people that are present burst into tears.(2)当先行词是序数词或形容词的最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词以他们修饰时。Shanghai is the biggest cit
5、y (that) I have ever seen.Its the third time (that) I have been here.（3）当先行词既有 the very , the only , the one , the same 等修饰时。This is the only book (that) I want to borrow.This is the same book that you bought yesterday. / (4)先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture
6、 are very lovely.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句. 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间（when）、地点(where)或理由(why)的名词，在从句中作状语.关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? Do you remember the day (when/ on which) I fi
7、rst came to Beijing.His father died the year (when / in which) he was born. He wants to find the place (where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 3. 判断关系代词与关系副词. 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never
8、forget the days when I worked together with you.October 1th , 1994 is the day that well never forget. 判断改错: （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited(vt.) last year.
9、 （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent(vt.) in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition wa
10、s held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in t
11、he museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。4. 介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略.2）that前不能有介词.3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换. eg. that/which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago. that/ which I lived in two years ago.Do you remember the day on which y
12、ou joined our club?when you joined our club?5.as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别1)由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首，which在句中.As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.2）as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。As is know, smoking is har
13、mful to ones health.3）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词.构成such as与 the same asSuch books as you have are very few nowWe have the same trouble as you (have)III.分类：定语从句有限制性和非限制性定语从句两种.1）限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；(用法如上所述)2)非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which
14、 we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,引导词用which He didnt pass the exam, which made his teacher very angry. 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导
15、非限制性定语从句。IV.定语从句常见错误例析1.在定语从句中加了多余的定语。如： 1)误：Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 正：Some of the boys I invited didnt come 2)误：The book that you need it is in the library 正：The book that you need is in the library2、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错.如： 1)误：Anyone who break the law will be punished 正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished2)误：Those who has finished may go home 正：Those who have finished may go home 3)误：He is t
