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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Packed like sardines into sweaty, claustrophobic subway carriages, passengers can barely breathe, _ move about freely.问题1选项A.as well asB.disregard forC.let aloneD.not mentioning【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项as well as“也；不但而且”；B选项disregard for“漠视”；C选项let alone“更不用说；不打扰”
2、；D选项not mentioning“没有提到”。句意：乘客像沙丁鱼一样挤在汗流浃背、幽闭恐怖的地铁车厢里，几乎无法呼吸，_自由走动。根据语境，这里是指车厢里面很挤，呼吸都困难，自由走动就更困难了，所以let alone“更不用说”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题So much data indicate the worlds progress towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of targets adopted by world leaders at the UN more than ten
3、years ago. But the goal-setting exercise has further pitfalls. Too often, the goals are reduced to working out how much money is needed to meet a particular target. Yet the countries that have made most progress in cutting poverty have largely done so not by spending public money, but by encouraging
4、 faster economic growth. As Shanta Devarajan, the World Banks chief economist for Africa, points out, growth does not just make more money available for social spending. It also increases the demand for such things as schooling, and thus helps meet other development goals. Yet the goals, as drawn up
5、, made no mention of economic growth.Of course growth by itself does not solve all the problems of the poor. It is also clear that while money helps, how it is spent and what it is spent on are enormously important. For instances, campaigners often ask for more to be spent on primary education. But
6、throughout the developing world teachers on the public payroll are often absent from school. Teacher-absenteeism rates are around 20% in rural Kenya, 27% in Uganda and 14% in Ecuador.In any case, money that is allocated for such services rarely reaches its intended recipients. A study found that 70%
7、 of the money allocated for drugs and supplies by the Uganda government in 2000 was lost; in Ghana, 80% was siphoned off. Money needs to be spent, therefore, not merely on building more schools or hiring more teachers, but on getting them to do what they are paid for, and preventing resources from d
8、isappearing somewhere between the central government and their supposed destination.The good news is that policy experiments carried out by governments, NGOs, academics and international institutions are slowly building up a body of evidence about methods that work. A large-scale evaluation in Andhr
9、a Pradesh in southern India was shown, for example, that performance pay for teachers is three times as effective at raising pupils test scores as the equivalent amount spent on school supplies.And in Uganda the government, appalled that money meant for schools was not reaching them, took to publici
10、zing how much was being allotted, using radio and newspaper. Money wastage was dramatically reduced. The World Bank hopes to bring such innovations to the notice of other governments during the summit, if it can. For if the drive against poverty succeed, it will owe more to such ideas and wider use
11、than to targets set at UN-sponsored summits.26. According to the text, which of the following merits cant we derive from economic growth?27. Teacher-absenteeism is cited as example _.28. According to the author, we should _ when dealing with allocated money.29. On which of the following would the au
12、thor most probably agree?30. We may infer from the last paragraph that _.问题1选项A.It increases other demands such as education.B.It may help the government to fulfill Millennium Development Goals.C.Faster growth will lift the poor out of poverty.D.Economic growth may solve some problems of the poor.问题
13、2选项A.to call for governments apply performance pay to teachersB.to underline the importance of money should be spent on where it is neededC.to state that the allocated money should get staffs to do what they are paid forD.to show that African countries have a long way to go before reaching the UNs g
14、oalposts问题3选项A.avoid the leakage of moneyB.give the anti-poverty plans the priorityC.promote education to a higher levelD.improve public infrastructure first问题4选项A.Economic growth does not make more money available for social spending.B.Money leakage is a big problem that Africa encounters.C.Millenn
15、ium Development Goals may involve each countrys GDP growth.D.Millennium Development Goals have come to be seen as applying to each developing country.问题5选项A.the World Bank plays an important role in helping Uganda fix money leakageB.money leakage is rampantly flourishing in UgandaC.Millennium Development Goals may have failed in lifting the poor out of povertyD.innovative ideas should come before targets set by UN【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】26.事实细节题。根据第二段第一、二句Of course growth by itself does not solve all the problems of the poor. It is also clear
