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1、时态讲解：现在完成时(1)构成：现在完成时由助动词have+过去分词构成，助动词have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式Ihavenot(havenstudiedHaveIstudied？Youhavenot(havenstudiedHaveyoustudied？Hehasnot(hasnstudiedHashestudied？否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)HaveInot(HavenI)studied？Yes,youhave.
2、No,youhavenHaveyounot(Haventyou)studied？Yes,Ihave.No,IhavenHashenot(Hasnthe)studied？Yes,hehas.No,hehasn(2)用法:1 )现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。Imsurewevemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2 )表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用I haven theard fro
3、m her these days. 女 recently, already, just, lately, for这些日子我没有收到她的信。,since ,yet 等。如:We haven tThey have been away for two years. seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。他们离开已经两年了。She has beenwith us since Monday.A、/ 1 ?、 :注忌：1) since 和for 的区别since 后接时间点，如 1993 , last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一
4、段时间，表示 “长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in IrelandMonday.2. Jill has been in Irelandthree days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia15 days.4. Mary is in her office. Shehas been there7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is lat
5、e.Theyve been waiting20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been emptymany years.8.Mike has been illa long time. He has been in hospitalOctober.2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说He has come here for 2 weeks.xTheoldmanh
6、asdiedfor4months.Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.x以上三句话可以改为：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhasfor4months.Theyhaveonlyfor5minutes.3)have(has)been和have(has)gone的区别:表示曾到过某地要用have(has)been”表示已经去某地要用have(has)gone。试比较：Wherehashebeen?他刚才到哪里去了？(已经回来了)Wherehashegone?他上哪儿去了？(人不在)TheyhavebeentoCanada.他们到过加拿大。(现在已
7、经不在加拿大)TheyhavegonetoCanada.他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大)4)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein,但可以禾口already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等连用。例如：Shehasalreadycome.她已经来了。Ihavenreadityet.我还没读过这个。Ihavemethimbefore.我从前曾见过他。MaHo
8、nghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.马红直是个好学生。Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我经常在街上看见他。TheyhaveneverbeentoYanan.他们从未去过延安。Ihaventseenhimlately.我近来没看到他。IrregularVerbsBaseFormPastFormPastParticiplebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaught
9、caughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensells
10、oldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksank/sunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam,iswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:1. Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.1 already(see)thefilm.I(see)itlastweek.2.he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather_just(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.WhereLiMing?He(go
11、)totheteacheroffice.5.I(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.6.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.Ijust(finish)myhomework.9.He(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.you(find)yourscieneebookyet?11.Ifit(be)finetomorrow,Illgowithyou.students(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look
12、!Themonkey(climb)thetree.Mymother(come)toseemenextSunday.15.Ivelostmypen.you(see)itanywhere?8.10.12. The14.II.Choosethebestanswer.1. Howlonghaveyouhere?A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been2. MygrandpadiedA.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.3. JanehastoBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.gone
13、C.wentD.neverbeen4. Itistenyears_Ilastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that5. -WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?-Iwill.Iherseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet6. -Whatanicedress!Howlong_youit?A. will, buyB. did, buyC. are, havi ngD. have, had-Just2weeks.7. -DoyouknowLydiaverywell?-Yes,SheandIfri
14、endssineewewereveryyoung.A. have madeB. have becomeC. have bee nD. have turned8. The Smithsin China for 8 years.A. has livedB. livedC. have bee n D. liveCan I speak to Mr. Black?10.A. has bee n toB. has gone toC. went toD. will go to_ you everto the US?9.-Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.-Sorry.HetheBainiaoPark.-Yes,twice.A. Have, goneB. Have, bee nC, Do, goD.were, goingIII. Rewritethesentences.3.1 havebee
