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1、2022-2023年考博英语-山西大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Visit a museum these days and youll see people using their smartphones and cameras to take pictures of works of art, archeological finds, historical artifacts, and any other object that strikes their fancy. While taking a picture might seem like a good way to pre
2、serve the moment, new research suggests that museum-goers may want to put their cameras down. In a new study, psychological scientist Linda Henkel of Fairfield University presents data showing that participants had worse memory for objects, and for specific object details, when they took photos of t
3、hem.“People so often whip out their cameras almost mindlessly to capture a moment, to the point that they are missing what is happening right in front of them,” says Henkel. She calls this the “photo-taking impairment effect”.【答案】如今参观博物馆，你会看到人们用智能手机和相机拍摄艺术作品、考古发现、历史文物和任何其他吸引他们眼球的物品。虽然拍照似乎是保存这一瞬间的好方法
4、，但新的研究表明，参观博物馆的人可能会想放下相机。在一项新的研究中，费尔菲尔德大学（Fairfield University）的心理学家琳达汉克尔（Linda Henkel）提供的数据显示，参与者在拍照时对物体和特定物体细节的记忆力较差。汉克尔说：“人们经常无意识地拿出相机来捕捉某个瞬间，以至于他们忽略了眼前正在发生的事情。”她称之为“拍照障碍效应”。2. 单选题Many children often（ ）why airplanes can fly like birds while we humans cannot.问题1选项A.expectB.wonderC.assumeD.anticipa
5、te【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项expect“猜想；认为；料想”；B选项wonder“想知道，琢磨”；C选项assume“设想；承担；采取”；D选项anticipate“预期；期盼”。句意：许多孩子经常（ ）为什么飞机能像鸟一样飞，而我们人类不能。根据语境，wonder“想知道，琢磨”和why搭配比较合理。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题When you win, your errors are（ ）; when you lose, your errors are magnified.问题1选项A.expandedB.obscuredC.cultivatedD.exaggerated【答
6、案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项expanded “扩充的，展开的”；B选项obscured “遮蔽的，湮没的”；C选项cultivated “有教养的；栽培的，培植的”；D选项exaggerated “夸张的，言过其实的”。本句表示“当你胜利时，你的错误会被（ ）；当你失败时，你的错误会被放大。”根据句意可知空格处应填magnified（放大的）的反义词，因此B选项正确。4. 单选题The dean asked the secretary if there were enough people（ ）to hold a faculty meeting.问题1选项A.on handB.on
7、averageC.on purposeD.on end【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on hand“在手边；在场；临近；现有”；B选项on average“平均”；C选项on purpose“故意地”；D选项on end“连续地；竖着”。句意：院长问秘书（ ）的人数是否足够到可以召开教师会议。根据语境，on hand“在场”修饰people比较合理。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题This study involves monitoring the sleep（ ）of 100 mentally healthy people aged 45 to 80.问题1选项A.ordersB.rul
8、esC.patternsD.characters【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项orders“顺序；命令”；B选项rules“规则”；C选项patterns“模式”；D选项characters“特征”。句意：这项研究包括监测100名45岁至80岁精神健康的人的睡眠（ ）。根据语境，睡眠和characters“特征”搭配比较合理。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题The ability to focus attention on important things is a（ ）characteristic of intelligence.问题1选项A.decliningB.definingC.d
9、eceivingD.defending【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项declining“下滑的；衰退的；倾斜的”；B选项defining“最典型的；起决定性作用的”；C选项deceiving“欺骗性的”；D选项defending“防守型的”。句意：把注意力集中在重要事情上的能力是智慧的一个（ ）特征。根据语境，defining“最典型的”和intelligence“智慧”搭配比较合理。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题As far as marriage is concerned, it is mutual care and love that（ ）.问题1选项A.mountsB.disc
10、ountsC.countsD.calculates【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mount“增加，上升”，如mounting difficulty（困难越来越多）；B选项discount“打折”；C选项count“有价值或重要的”，如what counts is experience. （重要的是经验）；D选项calculate“计算”。句意：就婚姻而言，（ ）是相互关心和爱。A、B、D都不符合题意，因此C选项正确。8. 单选题“Congratulations, Mr. Cooper. Its a girl.”Fatherhood is going to have a differen
11、t meaning and（1）a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel（2）when they receive the news,（3）others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers.（4）there are some men who like children and may have had （5）experience with them, others do not particularly（6）children and s
12、pend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time.（7）other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have（8）willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the（9）to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the r
13、ole of husband to（10）of father is a difficult task.（11）, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to（12）fathers in this re-socialization（13）. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers,（14）recently has literature focused on the（15）of a father.It is argued that the transition
14、to the fathers role, although difficult, is not（16）as great as the transition the wife must（17）to the mothers role. The mothers role seems to require a complete（18）in daily routine.（19）, the fathers role is less demanding and（20）.问题1选项A.bring forthB.bring downC.bring offD.bring in问题2选项A.emotionalB.sentimentalC.bewilderedD.proud问题3选项A.whileB.whenC.ifD.as问题4选项A.whenB.ifC.althoughD.yet问题5选项A.considerateB.considerableC.consideringD.considered问题6选项A.care aboutB.care ofC.care withD.care for问题7选项A.ForB.OfC.FromD.Upon问题8选项A.receivedB.takenC.acceptedD.obtained问题9选项A.replyB.reactionC.readinessD.reality
