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1、跨文化交际学根底Chapter 17 l1 g8 I0 # d; 2 K% O% j, R& D& Y; z6 1 I, OWhy study Intercultural communications?2 S5 b4 b0 I3 k2 M6 I1 pFour trends of the modern world make intercultural communication inevitable:+ g L+ F- c! gR% U Z1. Techological development% o8 g5 I7 B: t% x% J; x2. Globalization of the econ
2、omy.5 I+ b, A( h( J( h3. Widespread population migrations.2 A/ p) y5 H1 P4. Development of multiculturalism1 jR8 _9 I% Q, TOnly through the understanding of intercultural communication can people develop a golbal mind-set in the global village that is our world today and live more hamoniously with o
3、ne another.- Y2 U7 W& y C* p) z9 7 v: x3 tThe field of intercultural communication has developed both theoretical and applied perspectives.- m F4 Z8 x. J; o* l3 h5 S1. Theoretically, the study focuses on more or less purposive interaction between people of different cultures and different racial and
4、 ethnic groups., M/ 3 - f4 2. Practically, intercultural communication is applied in different kinds of intercultural and interethnic training programs to help people of different backgrounds understand and accept each other in academic, business, government, and other settings.5 Z2 T# en+ _5 R- c$
5、n5 R$ h3 p1 o G7 B* R6 e# ?9 G* B3 W F5 d |8 s1 , R6 h* Z5 x$ z3 A5 yChapter 24 ?4 mi& a5 L3 js8 T, A( S9 i( 6 AThe relationship between Culture and Communication:, f$ U! F1 y8 z/ q T7 Z nCulture and communication act on each other. As the carrier of culture, commnunication influences the structure
6、of a culture, and culture is necessarily manifested in our communication patterrns by teaching us how we should talk and behave.; x* Y. U2 R C5 x0 W b # I, _Communication:/ O V) w1 ; ( C; j) ECommunication is defined as an interdetermining process in which we develop a mutually dependent relationshi
7、p by exchanging symbols.: K: S* f9 R, h$ k5 D1 u; tCommunication has four characteristics: ?3 u- & Z9 J3 qP2 X(1) Communication as a holistic phenomenon8 h6 l1 H8 v! 8 R& (2) Communicaiton as a social reality I* l* ! * p3 _- U3 1 d(3) Communicaiton as a developmental process3 i1 * i. _/ R(4) Communi
8、cation as an orderly processG+ A! l$ k. & kCulture:8 h* r- p, w6 k, R4 8 g/ Culture is defined as a negotiated set of shared symbolic systems that guide individuals behaviors and incline them to function as a group.7 M2 FG& H5 L wCulture has four characteristics:! ) ) W6 e* a) e* T) g0 s% H(1) Cultu
9、re is holistic& r$ x! s, R l& Q, Q(2) Culture is learned* t/ Q# t5 g$ : R | p) i6 H+ H; t(3) Culture is dynamic$ - B. n4 b) a0 u VH! g6 t8 (4) Culture is pervasive- G, G% E! L0 y- Culture has two functions:; Y9 Q) B: R8 |) / 1 e8 B(1)It provides a context in which three aspects of human society are
10、embedded: linguistic, physical, psychological.2 q. c) Z* B9 aV(2)It functions to provide the structure, stability, and security that are required for the group and its members to maintain themselves as a healthy system. o, O h C/ B/ C% qIntercultural communication:& w* I$ M, |! g) W1 3 Intercultural
11、 communication is communication among people from two or more cultures.3 f- q; y- i7 h: |3 cSuccessful intercultural communication is based on the positive feeling and beliefs we bring to the intercultural encounter and on the behavioral skills we possess.2 f- / g& T6 u, f6 l) Q: C p5 nThree forms o
12、f intercultural communication based on the interactants intentions: Self-centered dialogue, Dominant dialogue, Equal dialogue.9 V7 Q3 $ l; R5 s/ w9 q. D) P, , X- S5 g: R! Z$ P0 K1 S) WChapter 3( _: v6 $ n* u* w3 & K8 H6 jPerception:k. E- z* i1 N9 R6 u K7 N; T4 TPerception is a process by which we tu
13、rn external stimuli into meaningful experiences. 4 , G; h$ |. P; u. W+ 1 p: p% w; HThe process of perception includes three stages: Selection, Organization, Interpretaion. Because perception is selective, we can only partially perceive the things that surround us, it usually follows three steps: Sel
14、ective exposure, Selective attention, Selective retention. Organization refers to the way we arrange what we perceive into meaningful patterns, based on their shape, color, texture, size, and intensity. Interpretation is the process whereby we assign meanings to what we perceive.; N. K9 V: ? A+ p+ j
15、0 E8 j% z2 O( ?+ T5 jCulture has a major impact on the perception process: It not only provides the foundation for the meanings we assign to our perceptions, it also determines how we choose to expose ourselves to and direct our attention toward specific kinds of messages and events.# , ew6 E5 C( nThe influence of culture on perception is often reflected in the attributional process.# z* u% X4 Z: |$ h# R1 _$ Y% Attribution involves interpreting the meaning of others behaviors based on our past experience or history. Culture provides an envi
