《2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第98期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第98期（29页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The national bank has been uncommonly powerful in comparison to its counterparts in other nations. It retains this potency partly because its control of the nations banking system is unencumbered by governmental interference, and thus its actions remain larg
2、ely _.问题1选项A.discretionaryB.bureaucraticC.compulsoryD.lucrative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项discretionary“自由决定的”；B选项bureaucratic“官僚主义的”；C选项compulsory“义务性的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的”。句意：与其他国家的同类银行相比，国家银行一直非常强大。它之所以保持这种效力，部分原因是它对国家银行体系的控制没有受到政府干预的阻碍，因此它的行动在很大程度上仍然是_。根据语境，这里指国家银行没有受政府干预的阻碍，在行动上比较自由，所以discretionary“自由决
3、定的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Ever since the Industrial Revolution brought workers from small shops into factories, supervision has been required. Only during the last hundred years, however, has industrial management grown into a highly organized set of modern methods for achieving efficiency. Thus, manage
4、ment is a new human history, and it has already become vitally important for the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies.Efficiency means getting results with the least possible waste of time, effort, and money. Therefore, efficiency is the aim of all management, both public and
5、 private. In private business, efficiency can be measured by profit, the surplus of income over expenditures.The managers a job, then, is to get people to do things efficiently. The top manager manages other managers, chooses and trains them, plans their operations, and checks the results. All manag
6、ers have practical complex problems, but they utilize methods based on a growing body of knowledge. Shop managers carry out time and motion studies to improve workers efficiency, and foremen give on-the-job training to workers. Industrial mangers employ specialists to keep machines working properly
7、and to ensure the supply of spare parts. The flow of work is supervised to avoid any unplanned idleness of workers of equipment. Each step in manufacturing is planned in detail, and the cost of each step is carefully calculated. Supervisors consult experts regularly in order to master new techniques
8、. Personnel managers have learned to obtain greater efficiency from workers by providing rest periods and by improving morale through better heating, lighting, safety devices, cafeterias, and recreation facilitieseven when these have not been demanded by labor unions. The use of modern electronic de
9、vices had led to increasing automation, in which many automatic machines function without any need for human labor.Scientific management methods have spread to all branches of industrynot only manufacturing, but also accounting, finance, marketing, and other office work. There are planning systems,
10、organization systems and control systems. Within these there are other systems for delegation of authority, budgeting, information feedback for control, and so on. The essence of all the functions of management is coordination, the harmonious combination of all individual efforts for the achievement
11、 of the objectives of the enterprise.26. From the first paragraph, we know that _.27. The top manager _.28. All managers employ _.29. Personnel managers provide rest periods, safety devices, recreation facilities, etc. _.30. The essence of all management functions is _.问题1选项A.industrial management d
12、epends on the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economiesB.industrial management is indispensable to the successes of all kinds of businesses and of national economiesC.the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies has nothing to do with industrial managementD.ind
13、ustrial management did not develop until the last fifty years问题2选项A.is responsible for selecting other managers and help them do things efficientlyB.gets other managers to choose and train themselvesC.manages other managers operationsD.learns new techniques from other managers问题3选项A.various methods
14、to solve their practical and complex problemsB.specialists to keep machines working properlyC.workers who give on-the-job trainingD.advisers to handle practical and complex problems问题4选项A.because the labor unions demand themB.just to improve the workers moraleC.to obtain greater efficiency from work
15、ersD.to ensure the good working conditions问题5选项A.to combine individual efforts to achieve the objectives of the enterpriseB.the coordination of the functions of managementC.the harmonious coordination of organization efforts for the achievement of individual objectivesD.to coordinate the systems for planning, organization and control【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】26.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句management is a new human history, and it has already become vitally important for the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies.（管理是新的人类历史
