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1、材料力学Mechanics of Materials强度极限Strength limit构件Structure member铸铁cast iron强度strength轴Shaft刚度rigidity扭转Torsion稳定性stability扭转角The angle of twist变形固体solid deformation body扭矩Internal torque基本假设fundamental assumption扭矩图Internal torque diagram各向同性Isotropy剪应力互等定 Theorem of complementary shearing内力internal f
2、orcestresses外力external force弯曲bending二力杆two force bar梁Beam刚体rigid body固定铰支座 Fixed hinged support轴向拉伸Axial tension可动铰支座Movable hinged support轴向压缩Axial compression固定端Rigidly fixed end拉力tensile force简支梁simply supported beam内力Internal force悬臂梁Cantilever beam轴力axial force外伸梁Overhanging beam轴力图diagram of
3、axial force静定梁Statically determinate beam集中载荷concentrate load超静定梁Statically indeterminate beam应力stress弯曲内力Internal force in bending平均应力Average stress弯矩Bending moment全应力whole stress内力方程Internal force equation平面假设Hypothesis of plane section剪力图shearing force diagram拉应力Tensile stress弯矩图bending moment di
4、agram应力集中stress concentration分布荷载the distributed load剪切shearing荷载集度the density of the distributed load正应力normal stress平面刚架Planar rigid frame剪应力shearing Stress曲杆Curved rod线应变linear strain纯弯曲Pure Bending剪应变angular strain中性轴Neutral axis剪力shearing force曲率半径the radius of curvature弹性应变能Elastic strain ener
5、gy挠度Deflection静定问题statically determinate problem转角Angle of rotation静不定问题 statically indeterminate problem挠曲线deflection curve平衡方程equilibrium equations位移边界条 Boundary conditions of the比例极限Proportional limitdisplacement弹性极限Elastic limit支 点位移 条 件 Displacement conditions at the屈服极限Yielding limitsupports塑性
6、材料ductile material连续条件Continuity conditions光滑条件Sliding conditions积分常数integral constant一点的应力状态Stressed state at a point原始单元体Original element主单元体Principal element主面principal plane主应力principal stress三向应力状态Three Dimensional State of Stress二向应力状态Plane State of Stress应力圆Stress Circle单向应力状态 Unidirectional
7、State of Stress主应力迹线Principal stress trajectories应变能密度strain-energy density强度理论Theories of strength最大拉应力(第一强度)理论： Theory of maximum tensile stress (first strength)最大伸长线应变(第二强度)理论： Theory of maximum tensile strain (second strength)最大剪应力(第三强度)理论 Theory of maximum shearing stress(third strength)形状改变比能(
8、第四强度)理论 Theory of maximum torsional (shearing)strain energy (fourth strength)莫尔强度理论Mohrs strength theory相当应力Equivalent stress组合变形Composite deformation斜弯曲Skew bending中性轴方程Equation of the neutral axis不稳定平衡instable equilibrium拉（压）弯组合变形Bending and tension or compression稳定平衡Stable equilibrium压杆失稳Loss of stability of the column临界压力 the critical pressure of the column理想压杆Ideal compressive columns长度系数Length coefficient约束系数constraint coefficient临界应力Critical stress柔度Flexibility应变能 Strain energy卡氏定理CatiglianoS Theorem莫尔定理(单位力法)MohrS theorem(Method of unit force)
