Pride and PrejudiceThe characteristicsElizabeth: She inherited her father's sense of humor and irony, has positive standard of morals and good sense and is a vigorous and intelligent young lady.Darcy: He is pride of his superior social status and objective to Elizabeth's low relatives. He is liberal and honorable and in the humble as well. Love humbles him and makes him worthy of love.The themeIt is a novel about society and the relationships of family.“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of wife.” This sentence points out the theme of this novel. It is marriage and money.This novel revolved around the process of four couple's marriage( They are Mr. Bengley and Jane, Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth, Mr. Collins and Charlotte, as well as Mr. Wickham and Lydia). It praised the marriage which is based on mutual understanding and hearty love and satirized another kind of marriage which is based on birth, wealth and lust. To some extend, it expressed the hopes and dreams of English Woman striving for freedom of marriage.Besides this, it still satirized the social hierarchy of the time.The 20th century（1918-1945）Modernism“stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物：1)、Virginia Woolf （1882-1941）《Mrs. Dalloway》 达罗卫夫人《To the Lighthouse》到灯塔去 Woolf was much concerned with the position of women. 非常重视妇女的地位Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)（1）Points of view1 writers’ task: to examine for a moment an ordinary mind on an ordinary day2 theme: about the spirit not about the body（2）a feminist opportunity for receiving higher education, small pay for equal work, women are treated as inferior. 2)、James Joyce（1882-1941）被认为是继莎士比亚后英国文学史上最伟大的作家。
代表作 《Ulysses》尤利西斯，Ulysses给英国传统小说带来一场革命，成功在于意识流（streams of consciousness）描写表面上纷纷扬扬，漫无边际，实际上结构齐整，周密严谨，为现代小说巅峰之作D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930) Modernist Novelist《Lady Chatterley’s Lover》查泰莱夫人的情人 《The Rainbow》虹 《Sons and lovers》儿子与情人《Women in lovelane》恋爱中的女人T. S. Eliot1888-1965英国现代主义诗歌代名词◎《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 ◎《荒原》 现代派诗歌经典之作，代表了现代诗歌创作的突出成就 William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)去世后被艾略特称为我们时代最伟大的诗人文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧dramaOrigin起源：Christianity 基督教 → bible 圣经 Myth 神话 The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记） 一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类： pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作： The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》 ( national epic 民族史诗 ) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子： of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作： Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟 时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事 (英国文学史的开端) 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣 ：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式 代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教 代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔 四、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期 （Greek and Roman） 戏剧 drama 诗章 canto The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences. 文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。
The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama 文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的发展 1、key work: humanism 人文主义： admire human beauty and human achievement 2、代表人物： 1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔 Utopia 乌托邦 2)、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根 第一个散文家(essayist) 3)、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特 引入十四行诗的第一人 sonnet(十四行诗)： form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵) in 14 lines iambic pentameter 4)、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞 poet’s poet(诗人中的诗人) The Fairy Queen《仙后》(epic poem 史诗) 5)、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛 blank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
6)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚 戏剧 drama 四大悲剧：Hamlet(哈姆雷特)，Othello(奥赛罗)，King Lear(李尔王)，The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白) 五、the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟 prose 散文 1、文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals. 清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离 2、代表人物： 1)、John Donne 约翰.多恩 “metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的代表人物 sonnet 十四行诗 《Death be not proud》(笔记) 作品特点：① strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘) ② novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角) ③ novelty of its form.(新颖的形式) 2)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人 （ poem 诗歌 blank verse ） 《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护 《Paradise Lost》失乐园 “Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人 《Paradise Regained》复乐园 )、John Bunyan 约翰.拜扬 a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(寓言)” Pilgrim’s Progress》天路历程 prose 散文 该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式), medieval form。