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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题They speak of election campaign polls as a musician might of an orchestra _, or a painter of defective paint.问题1选项A.in paceB.out of focusC.in stepD.out of tune【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. in pace 保持同步 B. out of focus 失焦C. in step 步调一致 D. out of tune 走调【考查点】句间逻辑【解题思路】空格处所填
2、词是音乐家（a musician）的后置定语，而根据原句句意“他们把选举投票说成是管弦乐队中_的乐师或油漆涂不好（defective paint）的油漆匠”，由此可知，空格处的内容应该与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义一致，因此，D选项out of tune“走调”符合原文语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项in pace“保持同步”，与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义不一致；B选项out of focus“失焦”，一般用于摄影师，不用于乐师；C选项in step“步调一致”与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义不一致。【句意】他们把选举投票说成是“管弦乐队中跑调的乐师”或“油漆有缺陷
3、的油漆匠”。2. 翻译题No issue is as vital to the future of U.S. research universities as a renewal of commitment to the mutual benefits of research and education. One of the great strengths of our research universities is their ability to link the creation of new knowledge with the transfer of that knowledge
4、 to students. Unfortunately, numerous signs (some real, some perceived) point toward a growing emphasis on research and a de-emphasis on education.A sensationalistic view of these trends often emerges in the popular press. Recent stories have described a detached professors leaving teaching to gradu
5、ate students, reward systems based on “publish or perish”, faculty “buying out” of teaching responsibilities, and tenure and promotion decisions based entirely on ones ability to attract federal research dollars. These types of reports have fueled a growing public backlash against higher education.
6、A number of states have to institute minimum requirements for classroom time and office hours for faculty at public research universities.【答案】对美国研究型大学的未来来说，没有什么比重新致力于研究和教育的共同利益更重要。研究型大学的最大优势之一是它们能够将新知识的创造与向学生传授知识联系起来。不幸的是，许多迹象（有些是真实的，有些是察觉到的）表明，这些大学越来越重视研究，而不那么重视教育。大众媒体上经常出现关于这种趋势的哗众取宠的观点。最近的一些报道介绍了
7、把教学任务扔给研究生的冷漠教授、基于“要么发表论文，要么死亡”原则的奖励制度、“买断”教学责任的教师以及完全取决于吸引联邦研究经费的能力的任期和晋升制度。这类报告激起了公众对高等教育的强烈反对。许多州已经为公立研究型大学的教师制定了上课时间和办公时间的最低要求。3. 单选题The ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest are the last relatively intact “old growth” ecosystem in America. _46_ principally in northern California, Oregon and
8、Washington, the ancient forests are a vital part of our national heritage. Today, our ancient forests are in _47_. They are being destroyed at the _48_ rate of 60, 000 acres per year. Ninety percent of our ancient forests have _49_. Only 10 % still stand. Overcutting these forests destroys an ecosys
9、tem and _50_. The forests provide clean water and air, spawning grounds for salmon, a billion dollar per year fishing industry, abundant wildlife and _51_ drugs.The timber industry in the Pacific Northwest has been undergoing a _52_ since the early 80s_53_ the spotted owl became an issue, _54_ has l
10、ed to steadily falling employment _55_. The industry modernized mills, exported raw logs overseas, and abandoned the Pacific Northwest to other _56_ of the United States. This led to the _57_ of over 26,000 timber-related jobs in Oregon and Washington during the 80s.Industry claims that environmenta
11、l laws are to _58_ for the decline in timber jobs in the Pacific Northwest do not _59_ under close examination. _60_, the industry itself is responsible for many of these jobs due to the overcutting of the forests for the past decade.问题1选项A.ScatteredB.SpottedC.FoundD.Viewed问题2选项A.progressB.jeopardyC
12、.riseD.risk问题3选项A.astonishingB.thrillingC.terrificD.frightening问题4选项A.destroyedB.being destroyedC.been destroyedD.to be destroyed问题5选项A.industryB.enterpriseC.economyD.establishment问题6选项A.life-lastingB.fatalC.mortalD.lifesaving问题7选项A.transitionB.transportationC.transitD.transaction问题8选项A.before longB
13、.long sinceC.as long asD.long before问题9选项A.of whichB.whoC.in whichD.which问题10选项A.levelsB.standardsC.layersD.criteria问题11选项A.directionsB.dimensionsC.regionsD.zones问题12选项A.gainB.lossC.profitD.wastage问题13选项A.blameB.praiseC.criticizeD.punish问题14选项A.hold outB.hold inC.hold upD.hold down问题15选项A.In factB.I
14、n theoryC.In practiceD.In a sense【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C第6题:D第7题:A第8题:D第9题:D第10题:A第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:C第15题:A【解析】46. 【选项释义】A. Scattered 分散 B. Spotted 发现C. Found 可见于 D. Viewed 看，察看【考查点】语义衔接与动词辨析【解题思路】空格后接的是一些地点，北加州，俄勒冈州和华盛顿州（northern California, Oregon and Washington），主句部分的主语是古老的原始森林（the ancient forests），据此推断，该句表达的是古老的原始森林分布的位置，C选项Found“可见于”，可以指某物存在于或生长在某个地方，符合句意。【干扰项排除】A选项Scattered“分散”，森林一般是指一个集中的整体，不是分散的，用“分散于”指分布不合适；B选项Spotted 侧重于指突然或者不容易注意到的情况下发现，不符合句意；D选项Viewed 侧重于指观看或仔细察看。【句意】原始森林主要分布在加州北部、俄勒冈州和华盛顿州，是我们国家遗产的重要组成部分。47. 【
