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1、商务英语学习笔记(MBA)Adventure和ventureVenture无论写法或意思和adventure都很相近，两词都有danger(危险)和risk(冒险)的含意，此外也有going somewhere和progressing(前进)的意思，所以很多词典把这两词都解作冒险，然而venture和adventure无论解释和用 法都有分别。Adventure应解作历险，就像参加原始森林的旅程，是完全没有想象过，或不能想象会遇到的事情；例：We had quite an adventure when we were on holiday in Europe. We got lost on t
2、he Alps（我们在欧洲旅行时遭遇了一次历险。我们在阿尔卑斯山上迷途）！Adventure的意思如上例所述的，一定是exciting(刺激)和unusual(不寻常)的，有时甚至会是明知山有虎，偏向虎山行式的冒 险。相反，venture是经过深思熟虑才进行的，虽然未必能预测每一步，可是绝不像adventure般单凭胆色和热诚去盲闯。Venture这词常用 于商业活动，如business venture指开拓新的业务范围；例：I heard you were involved in some sort of business venture in the Philippines.Yes, we
3、 opened a small recording studio in Manila. It turned out to be a winner- far better than we expected.(听说你在菲律宾开展了新的生意。是的，我们在马尼拉开了一间小型录音室，生意极佳，远远超出我们的预期。Business venture指的可以是新的市场或行业，只要是从未接触过的都算是新的业务，而在新业务里所需要的正是a spirit of adventure (冒险精神)。Advice/AdviseAdvice最为人熟识的解释是忠告，意见，劝告，例：Our advice is that you
4、 should sell your stocks immediately and re-invest the amount realized in government bonds. (我们给你的忠告是立刻卖了手上的股票，并把所得金钱投资于政府债券）。Advice基本上是uncountable noun（不可数名词），若要用量词的话，可用a piece of/a bit of/a word of/a few words of，不过advice也有plural form的，但advices是指来自远方的商业或专业行情，例：Advices from our Tokyo branch have pr
5、ompted us to pull out from the stock market（来自东京分公司的消息促使我们撤出股市）。此外，advice note和letter of advice都是商业文件，是寄运货物或接洽业务的通知文件。Advice的verb（动词）to advise在商业往来中常有以下用法，例：Please advise us when the goods are dispatched（请通知我们货物付运的日期）。上例中，讲者并非请求别人给他忠告，而是很正式和客气的询问情况。此外，to advise也有指示的含意，例：Clients are advised to consul
6、t a solicitor before investing in the property market in Chinas mainland（我们忠告客户投资于中国大陆房地产前咨询律师的意见）。其实上例中指示的意思比忠告更贴切，但因为指示的语气太直接，而说话的对象又是客户，所以还是用to advise语气比较正式和婉转。Appreciate我们花了很多时间，不怕艰苦，排除万难去完成某件工作或任务，事后老板为表示感激我们，会对我们说“We appreciate very much the excellent job you have done.” Appreciate也指欣赏，有对某事物有一
7、定的兴趣及认识的含意，例：If we appreciate music, it doesnt necessarily follow that we know how to play it ourselves.此外，在商业书信来往中，appreciate一字出现率颇高，但其意和上面提及的欣赏音乐有所不同；例：We greatly appreciate your getting the goods to us at such short notice.在这句里，“We greatly appreciate.”和“Thank you for.”含意相同。Appreciate一字常被误用We woul
8、d appreciate if you would.。Appreciate这个动词解作感激时，须要接宾语（object），否则会如前面例句一样，出现语法上的问题。上面一句的正确 说法应为We would appreciate it if you would pay your bills on time. Appreciate可改用被动语态，即变成It would be much appreciated if you would pay your bills on time.但读者须留意这句语气没有前句那样亲切。Appreciate的另一用法是指某东西增值；例：The value of this
9、 property has appreciated substantially in the past year.其意指这物业价值在过去一年有显著的升幅。读者有没有留意到appreciate解作升值时是不需接宾语(object)的？Not available微妙之处Available指某物有现成的，可以取用/使用的；例：The software manuals you were looking for are now available if you still need them（你想借的软件手册，如你仍需要的话，现在可以借给你了）。Available亦可用来形容人；例：Mr Chan is
10、 available now（陈先生现在有空）。Available是个微妙的词，能令句子减少个人化的语气，听起来比较有礼貌。举例说，同事到自己工作的部门借阅一份活页夹，如该活页夹正有人用，可以有以下两种不同的响应：例一：Im sorry. You cannot have that file now.例二：Im sorry. That file is not available now.说not available来推掉人家的要求，既能起say no的作用，也可免却一番解释。又或有人来访，或来电找老板，老板未能接见此人，秘书小姐们常用的句子是：例三：Im sorry. Mr Johnson is
11、 at a meeting right now.例四：Im sorry. Mr Johnson is not available right now.在例三中，假如对方知道Mr Johnson不是在开会，只是闭门不见人时，可能引起不愉快的事情。例四只说Mr Johnson没空，比较安全，而且省去了解释Mr Johnson去了哪里或在做什么。Bargain Bargain这词的解释会因其part of speech（词类）不同而异，作为verb指讨价还价，而作为noun则指买卖协议。骤看两个解释并无关联，可其实是同一商业活动的过程和结果；例一：The labour union bargained
12、 with the management for a shorter working week when they negotiated the renewal of workers contract.（工会与资方谈判工人续约时为缩短每周工时讨价还价。）例二：Your part of the bargain is to supply the goods to the specifications agreed; our part is to come up with the necessary finance.（根据协议，你们负责提供符合议定规格的货物，我们则负责提供所需的资金。）Bargai
13、n是自古就存在的商业活动，指supply（供）和demand（求）双方讨价还价，达成双方都认为合理和可接受的约定，所以bargain 可以指谈判过程也可指由谈判达成的协议。不过bargain的解释不能完全以它的part of speech来断定。例三：We went through three days of hard bargaining before we could get the other side to agree to a price.（我们经过三天艰难的讨价还价才能使对方落实价钱。）在例一中，bargain是verb,在例二中是noun,而在例三中是gerund（动名词）。虽然
14、动名词如名词般使用，可是基本上是动词，所以bargaining的解释仍是讨价还价。学习英语词汇时，不能光靠死记词类的解释，也要看词句的意思再融会贯通。如果说Ive got a bargain,意思是以低廉的价钱买到高质素的货品，虽然未至于占人家便宜，可是总觉得物超所值。因为bargain一词已包含了good的意思，所以 无需说a good bargain。尽管如此，a good bargain（占便宜的交易）和a bad bargain仍是常用的短语，但bargain在这里相当于deal（交易）。至于to drive a hard bargain的意思指在商议交易时坚持对自己最有利的条件和价钱
15、；例：When George bought his new car, he drove a real hard bargain. Not only did he save close to $2,000 but also got air-conditioning and car stereo from the car manufacturer. （George买新车时，成功地与车行议价，不但省了差不多二千元，而且还得到车行赠送原厂冷气和音响。）To drive a hard bargain没有相对的中文解释，指用尽心机使对方同意自己开出的苛刻条件。不过，也不是凡bargain都是hard的。
16、To strike a bargain指达成协议；例：They were unable to strike a bargain for the flat because the owners asking price was much more than what the prospective buyer could afford.（他们不能达成买卖楼宇的协议，因为业主开出的价钱远高于买家能负担的。）与to bargain配合使用的介词有with, over, for, on, in和into，先谈with和over；例：Dealers bargain with growers over the price of coffee beans.（咖啡商人与农民为咖啡豆的价钱讨价还价。
