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1、柱壳切向开孔接管结构弹塑性有限元分析摘 要：概述了国内外有关压力容器切向开孔接管结构的研究现状，以及有限元法的基本理论和ANSYS在应力分析计算中的应用。采用ANSYS软件，设计了开孔率不同、壁厚比不同的切向开孔接管模型。并在不同内压等级作用下，对切向开孔接管结构连接处的环向和经向应力的分布状况展开了对比研究，分别得到不同尺寸参数下的接管连接处的环向与经向应力集中系数分布规律，并把正交接管和切向接管的应力分布及应力大小做了对比。最后，对切向接管圆柱内压容器的弹性应力分布、应力集中系数等问题做了初步探讨。计算结果表明切向接管内压圆柱容器在接管与容器的连接处存在明显的应力集中，最大应力是在筒体与接
2、管相切处接管内壁上，且最大应力集中系数小于经验公式算出的应力集中系数。关键词：切向接管 压力容器 应力集中系数 有限元法The elastic-plastic analysis of cylindrical vessel with tangential nozzle by finite element methodAbstract：Firstly, this paper presents the review of the study status of tangential openings of pressure vessel in both the domestic and abroad
3、. It also gives the summary of the applications of the basic principles of finite element method and ANSYS on the study of the stress analysis. Using the finite element program ANSYS, some tangential opening nozzle structure models with different opening ratio and with different thickness ratio were
4、 designed. Based on these models, the contrast study of circumferential and longitudinal stresses at the connection zone of tangential opening nozzle under different inner pressure levels was performed. The distribution rule of the stress concentration factors at the junction between the nozzles and
5、 the cylinders under the influences of various size parameters was obtained, and the differences in stress distribution and stress intensity between tangential nozzle and intersection nozzle were also obtained. In conclusion, the elastic stress distribution and stress concentration factor were discu
6、ssed. The results show that the stress concentration occurs obviously on the hillside intersection. The maximum stress of hillside intersection occurs in the tangent section. It is found that the maximum stress concentration factor is largely less than the stress concentration factor given by empiri
7、cal equation.Key words：Tangential nozzle Pressure vessel Stress concentration factor Finite element method目 录1 前言41.1 课题研究的现状与发展趋势41.2 切向接管开孔区应力集中的形成原因与影响因素51.3 工程上求解开孔区最大应力的方法51.4 非线性有限元技术及其在开孔接管问题中的应用71.5 有限元方法在压力容器分析设计中的作用81.6 课题研究的主要工作92 单元考核102.1 平面单元选择102.1.1不同内压下平面单元比较112.1.2 平面单元选择结论142.1.3
8、平面单元描述152.2 固体单元选择152.2.1 不同内压下固体单元比较162.2.2 固体单元选择结论192.2.3 固体单元描述193 有限元分析模型213.1 几何模型结构及其尺寸213.2 材料性质213.3 网格划分213.4 载荷和边界条件233.5 模型考核233.5.1 例题对照233.5.2 不同内压下柱壳切向开孔接管区应力分布的对比314 计算结果与分析344.1 开孔率对切向开孔接管区应力的影响344.2 接管壁厚与筒体壁厚比对切向开孔接管区应力的影响374.3 切向接管与正交接管的比较404.4 塑性区的扩展情况414.4.1 材料的非线性弹性和弹塑性及非线性问题的有限元法414.4.3 切向接管区的塑性扩展435 最大应力集中系数的对比466 结论48参考文献49致谢501 前言1.1 课题研究的现状与发展趋势压力容器是国民经济各部门广泛使用的重要设备。在核工业、石油化工、轻工、电厂、化学化工、制药等工业生产中，广泛存在着压力容器开孔接管形式，一般采用正交开孔接管或斜接管连接形式，但由于工艺条件需要，还存在着许多压力容器切向开孔接管形式，即在压力容器筒体上开孔与接管切向连接的结构形式。压力容器切向开孔接管形式，其较小的开孔接管也易成为大开孔结构（开孔率
