《欧洲文化入门课后习题答案》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《欧洲文化入门课后习题答案（16页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、-欧洲文化入门课后习题答案：Division one: Greek culture and Roman culture希腊、罗马文化.Greek culture 希腊文化1. What are the major elements in European cultureThere are two main elements the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2. What were the main features of ancient Greek societyIn Greek society, only adu
2、lt male citizen had real power and the citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father. The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labor. Slaves worked for their masters. The e*ploitation was a serious social problem. The Greeks loved sports. They often took par
3、t in the contests of sports in Olympus Mount, thus Olympic Games came into being.3. What did Homer do Why is he important in the history of European literatureHe depicted the great Greek men who lived in the period 1200-1100B.C. and wars happening at that time. As an author of epics, he employed fin
4、e literary language to describe wars and men, even though they were dull. He stood in the peek of Greek literature and e*erted a great influence on his followers.4. Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece What important plays did each of them writeAeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides wer
5、e three outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece.Aeschylus: Prometheus Bound, Persians, AgamemnonSophocles: Oedipus the King, Electra, AntigoneEuripides: Andromache, Medea, Trojan Women5. Were there historians then Who were they What did each of them write aboutYes, there are. They were Herodotus an
6、d Thucydides.Herodotus wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians. Thucydides wrote about the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse.6. Would you say that philosophy was highly developed then Who were the major philosophersNo, I wouldnt. Because those philosophical ideas
7、 were only idealism or simple materialism or metaphysics. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were the major philosophers at that time.7. Did Socrates write any book How then do we know about him What distinguished his philosophyNo, he didnt. We know Socrates chiefly through what Plato recorded of him in
8、the famous Dialogues written by Plato. He considered that philosophy rested with the dissect of oneself and virtue was high worth of life. His method of argument, by questions and answers, was known as the dialectical method.8. Tell some of Platos ideas. Why do people call him an idealist(1) Men hav
9、e knowledge because of the e*istence of certain general “ideas”, like beauty, truth, and goodness. (2) We should not look at the things which are not seen: for the things which are not seen eternal. Because he emphasized the importance of “ideas” and believed that “thought” had created the world, pe
10、ople call him an idealist.9. In what important ways was Aristotle different from Plato What are some of Aristotles works that are still influential today(1) Aristotle emphasized direct observation of nature and insisted that theory should follow fact. This is different from Platos reliance on subjec
11、tive thinking. (2) He thought that “idea” and matter together made concrete individual realities in which he differed from Plato who held that ideas had higher reality than the political world. His significant works includes: Ethics, Politics and Rhetoric.10. Who were some of the other philosophers
12、active in that period Does the word “Epicurean” in its modern sense convey the true meaning of the philosophy of the ancient Epicureans What were their views on pleasure(1) They were Heracleitue, Democritus, Diogenes, Pyrrhon, Epicurus and Zeno.(2)No, it doesnt. The ancient Epicureans believed pleas
13、ure to be the highest worth of life, but by pleasure they meant, not sensual enjoyment but that attained by the practice of virtue. But this idea was misled by modern people, in their sense, the word “Epicurean” has come to mean indulgence in lu*urious living.11. Say something about Greek sculpture,
14、 pottery and architecture. What was the most famous Greek temple Is it still there(1) Along with the formation of Greek civilization, Greek sculpture, pottery and architecture got many great achievements. Greeks put into works of art the things they admired and worshiped, the scientific rules they d
15、iscovered. Greek art evolved from the archaic period to the classical period which marked its maturity. (2) the most famous temple was the Acropolis at Athens. (3) Yes, it is still there.12. Give some e*amples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature. Some e*amples:(1) A
16、 Freudian term “Oedipus Comple*” of 19th century originating from a Greek tragedy in which king Oedipus unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. (2) In the early part of the 19th century , in England alone, three young Romantic poets e*pressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron s Isle of Greece, Shelley s Hellas and Prometheus Unb
