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1、Exercise 1 范例中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节(the Mid-autumn Festival)是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese Lunar New Year)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如饺子和年糕。参考答案Traditional Chinese holiday meals are i
2、ndispensable during festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan. People usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi (rice dumplings) on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon, which is a symbol of p
3、erfection and family reunion. Therefore, the special food for this festival is a round cake called the moon cake. The Spring Festival is also known as the Chinese Lunar New Year. Besides/In addition to the common poultry and meat, people will also cook traditional food/foods, such as jiaozi (dumplin
4、gs) and niangao (the Chinese New Year cake), according to their local customs.难点解析:1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为traditional Chinese holiday meals，其中“节庆膳食”可译为holiday meals或holiday food，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统的”顺序。2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of或to memorize，修饰前面的a day。3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races，其中hold意为“举行”。4.观赏满月：“满月”即the fu
5、ll moon, 此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing，也可以用enjoying或watching表示。5. 象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol of，也可以用动词symbolize；“圆满”比较难译出，这里使用perfection表示“极致，完美”，或者使用completeness表示“完善，圆满”，也可以使用近义词harmony“和谐”；“家庭团聚”翻译为family reunion或family gathering。6.家禽：译为poultry，如果不能直接翻译出来，可以使用chicken, ducks代替。相关词汇链接：Chinese New Ye
6、ars Eve（除夕） Lantern Festival（元宵节） Double Seventh Festival（七夕） Double Ninth Festival（重阳节） Qingming Festival / Pure BrightnessFestival/ Tomb-sweeping Day（清明节）solar calendar（阳历） lunar calendar（阴历） leap year（闰年） spring couplets（春联） New Year pictures（年画） temple fair（庙会） fireworks/firecracker（爆竹） New Year
7、 gift-money / lucky money（压岁钱） dragon dance（舞龙） lion dance（舞狮） Exercise 2风筝是中国传统的民间艺术之一。中国风筝在春秋时期（Spring and Autumn Period）就已出现，距今有两千多年的历史了。最初的风筝常用作军事用途，如测量距离、测试风向和通讯。后来它逐渐与神话故事、花鸟瑞兽、吉祥寓意(auspicious meanings)等结合，从而形成了独具特色的风筝文化。阳光明媚的春日里，人们常常结伴去放风筝。中国风筝也受到世界各国人们的喜爱，很早以前就传到了世界各地。参考答案The kite, one of th
8、e Chinese traditional folk arts, came into being in the Spring and Autumn Period and has a history of over two thousand years. Kites were used for military purpose initially, like measuring distances, testing wind directions, and communicating. Later, it is integrated /combined with fairy tales, cha
9、racters including flowers, birds and beasts /animals standing for good luck, and auspicious meanings (auspicious beasts and meanings), and thus a unique kite culture has been formed. On sunny days in spring, people usually go to fly kites together. The Chinese kite is also favored by people from all
10、 over the world where it has spread to long ago (, for/because it was introduced into the globe a long time ago).难点解析1. 前两句可以按照中文直译为两句话，也可以使用同位语和连词将其合为一句。2. 花鸟瑞兽：结合中国文化，我们知道风筝所展现的花鸟兽形象都是代表好运的，因此该短语可以译为characters including flowers, birds and beasts /animals which stand for good luck或者characters full
11、of promise such as flowers, birds and beasts /animals，也可以与后面的“吉祥寓意”结合在一起翻译auspicious beasts and meanings。3. 阳光明媚的春日里：on sunny days in spring，这里不需要译出阳光。4. 很早以前就传到了世界各地：该部分可以看作是前半句的原因，译作原因状语从句；也可以看作是对前面的解释说明，译为where引导的定语从句。相关词汇链接（关于中国传统文化）embroidery（剪纸） calligraphy（书法） engraving（版画） painted sculpture（
12、彩塑）carving（雕刻） Chinese painting（国画） wood engraving（木刻画） Chinese brush drawing / Chinese ink and wash painting（水墨画）miniature painting（微雕） puppet show（木偶戏） shadow play（皮影戏） skit（戏剧小品） vocal imitation（口技） story-telling（说书） hand puppet（手偶）acrobatic performance（杂技） making a human pyramid（叠罗汉）stilt walk（踩
13、高跷）Exercise 3人口老龄化已经成为一个全球性的现象。这种现象不仅已成定局，还将随着时间的推移愈演愈烈，发展中国家尤其如此。它的社会影响广泛且表现形式多样，如若忽视，社会必将为此付出巨大代价。为了保证老年人口的可持续发展，国家、非政府组织、社区、家庭成员、特别是老年人自己，都要扮演重要的角色。参考答案Population ageing /The aging of population has become a world-wide/global phenomenon. It has not only happened /It has not only been settled, but
14、 will also become more/increasingly acute /serious with the passage of time, especially in the developing countries. Its widespread influences has various forms, therefore they can only be ignored at a tremendous /great cost to society. In order to ensure a sustainable development of the elderly pop
15、ulation, the state /country, non-government organizations, the community, the family members and especially the elderly /old people themselves will have very important roles to play /play important roles. 难点解析1. 人口老龄化：使用ageing一词，表示“变老”，该短语可以直接使用population ageing。2. 已成定局：表示已经发生，因此可以译作has happened 或者h
16、as settled。3. 付出巨大代价：可以译为at a tremendous /great /huge cost或pay a heavy price。4. 它的社会影响广泛且表现形式多样，如若忽视，社会必将为此付出巨大代价：该句也可以使用sothat句型连接：Its influences are so widespread and various that the society will have to pay a heavy price for ignoring it. 5. 最后一句的翻译如果按照中文语序译出，主语比较长，因此也可以将其语序进行调整：In order to ensure a sustainable development of the elderly population, different parties w
