Threats to oceans and coastsOceans. For centuries people have regarded them as an inexhaustible 源源不断的supply of food, a useful transport route, and a convenient dumping ground - simply too vast to be affected by anything we do.But human activity, particularly over the last few decades, has finally pushed oceans to their limit.Overfished, polluted, taken for granted认为...理所当然, carelessly abused and destroyed, and much more fragile脆弱的 and complex than we once thought ... the largest living space on Earth is fast deteriorating. This doesn’t just threaten marine habitats and species - many of which have only recently been discovered - but also our own health, way of life, and security.Major threats to the world's oceans include:UNSUSTAINABLE FISHING76% of the world's fisheries are already fully exploited or overfished, while billions of unwanted fish and other animals die needlessly each year. Unsustainable fishing is the largest threat to ocean life and habitats ... not to mention更不要说 the livelihoods and food security of over a billion people.INADEQUATE PROTECTIONThey might cover over 70% of our planet’s surface, but only a tiny fraction部分 of the oceans has been protected: just 0.6%. Even worse, the vast majority of the world’s few marine parks海洋公园 and reserves are protected in name名义上 only. Without more and better managed Marine Protected Areas, the future of the ocean’s rich biodiversity物种多样化 - and the local economies it supports - remains uncertain.TOURISM & DEVELOPMENTThe beach is not just a favourite holiday destination, it’s our favourite place to live. Around the world, coastlines have been steadily turned into new housing and tourist developments, and many beaches all but disappear under flocks of holiday-makers each year. This intense human presence is taking its toll on marine life.SHIPPINGThe oceans are huge highways, across which we ship all kinds of goods. Like other human activities, this heavy traffic is leaving its mark: oil spills, ship groundings, anchor damage, and the dumping of rubbish, ballast water, and oily waste are endangering marine habitats around the world.OIL & GASImportant reserves of oil, gas, and minerals lie deep beneath the seafloor. However, prospecting and drilling勘探和开采 for these poses造成 a major threat to sensitive marine habitats and species.POLLUTIONUntreated sewage, garbage, fertilizers化肥, pesticides农药, industrial chemicals ... most of the pollutants on land eventually make their way into the ocean, either deliberately dumped there or entering from water run-off and the atmosphere. Not surprisingly, this pollution is harming the entire marine food chain - all the way完全 up to humans.AQUACULTUREFish farming is often touted as the answer to declining wild fish stocks. But more often than not但往往, the farming of fish and shellfish贝类 is actually harming wild fish, through the pollution the farms discharge放电, escaped farmed fish, increased parasite loads, and the need to catch wild fish as feed.CLIMATE CHANGECoral bleaching珊瑚白化, rising sea levels, changing species distributions - global warming and climate change are already having a marked affect on the oceans. Strategies are needed to deal with these phenomena, and to reduce other pressures on marine habitats already stressed by rising water temperatures and levels.The reason for ocean is so that everything existed on the earth can keep a balance. We only have a priceless ocean. Only if we take it for important treasure, can we get along well with our earth .对海洋和海岸的威胁海洋。
几个世纪以来人们认为它源源不断的提供食物,是一个有用的运输路线,和一个方便的垃圾场——太巨大受到任何的影响但是人类活动,特别是在过去的几十年里,终于把海洋的极限过度捕捞,污染,理所当然,随意滥用和破坏,更脆弱,比我们曾经认为的复杂……地球上最大的生存空间正在迅速恶化这不仅威胁到海洋栖息地和物种——其中许多最近才被发现,而且我们自己的健康,生活方式,和安全世界上的海洋的主要威胁包括:不可持续的钓鱼世界上76%的渔业已经充分利用或过度捕捞,而数十亿的鱼类和其他动物不必要的死亡不可持续的钓鱼是海洋生物和栖息地的最大威胁……更不要说超过十亿人的生计和粮食安全©WWF-Canon /猫霍洛韦不充分的保护他们可能会覆盖超过70%的地球表面,但只有一小部分海洋保护:仅为0.6%更糟糕的是,绝大多数世界上很少有海洋公园和保护区的名义上的保护没有更多更好的海洋保护区管理,未来的海洋丰富的生物多样性和它所支持的当地经济仍不确定©WWF-Canon /米歇尔·巩特尔旅游与发展海滩不仅仅是一个最喜欢的度假目的地,这是我们最喜欢的地方住在世界各地,海岸线不断变成新住宅和旅游发展,和许多海滩每年消失在羊群的度假者。
这强烈的人类的存在是影响海洋生物©WWF-Canon /米歇尔·巩特尔航运海洋是巨大的高速公路,我们船在各种各样的商品和其他人类活动一样,这个交通拥挤了马克:石油泄漏、船停飞,锚损伤,和倾倒垃圾,压载水和油废物危害全世界海洋栖息地©WWF-Canon /迈克尔·萨顿石油天然气重要储备的石油、天然气和矿产谎言海底深处然而,勘探和开采这些敏感的海洋栖息地和物种构成重大威胁©WWF-Canon /安东尼·b·拉特污染未经处理的污水、垃圾、化肥、农药、化工原料……大部分的陆地污染物最终进入海洋,要么故意倾倒或进入水径流和大气毫不奇怪,这种污染是危害整个海洋食物链——一直到人类©WWF-Canon /乔BENN水产养殖养鱼经常被吹捧为野生鱼类资源减少的答案但往往,鱼类和贝类的养殖实际上是伤害野生鱼,通过污染农场放电,逃脱了养殖鱼类,寄生虫增加负载,需要捕捉野生鱼饲料©WWF-Canon /尤尔根·弗洛伊德气候变化珊瑚白化,海平面上升,物种分布的改变——全球变暖和气候变化已经对海洋有显著影响策略需要处理这些现象,并减少其他海洋栖息地的压力已经强调了水温上升和水平。