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1、机械设计中英文名词对照目录1. 机构学5. 振动与冲击9. 键连接13. 制动器17. 传动一般21. 谐波传动25. 其他零件2. 极限与配合6. 摩擦学10. 销钉连接14. 滑动轴承18. 齿轮传动22. 蜗杆传动3. 疲劳强度7. 螺纹连接11. 联轴器15. 滚动轴承19. 传动装置23. 带传动4. 可靠性8. 轴上零件12. 离合器16. 弹簧20. 锥齿轮传动24. 链传动1机构学机构学theory of mechanisms机构mechanism机器machine机械machinery构件link主动件driving link从动件driven运动副kinematic pai
2、r铰链连接hinge, pilot pin joint复合铰链compound hinges, multiple hinges运动链kinematic chain低副lower pair高副higher pair自由度degree of freedom虚约束redundant constraint, passive constraint机构简图schematic diagram of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic diagram of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构运动学kinematics of mechanism速比veloc
3、ity ratio of link传动比transmission ratio速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocity机械动力学dynamics of machinery驱动力driving force扰动力perturbed force工作阻力effective resistance静载荷static load动载荷dynamic load离心力centrifugal force作用力active force, applied force反作用力reaction等效力equivalent force力矩moment力偶couple力偶矩moment of cou
4、ple力平衡equilibrium扭矩torque, torsional moment等效力矩equivalent moment效率efficiency等效构件equivalent link等效质量equivalent mass转动惯量moment of inertia惯性积product of inertia极转动惯量polar moment of inertia回转半径radius of gyration飞轮flywheel调速器governor, speed regulator转子的静平衡static balance of rotor转子的动平衡dynamic balance of ro
5、tor平衡质量balancing mass质径积mass-radius product连续系统continuous system离散系统discrete system变质量系统variable mass system连杆机构linkage mechanism连架杆side link曲柄crank连杆coupler, floating link摇杆rocker滑块slider导杆guide bar, guide link四杆机构four-bar mechanism曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider- crank mechanism平面铰链四杆机构pl
6、anar pivot four-bar mechanism球面铰链四杆机构spherical pivot four-bar mechanism对心曲柄滑块机构centric slider-crank mechanism偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider-crank mechanism偏心轮机构eccentric mechanism急回运动机构quick-return mechanism行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation, advance- to-return time ratio凸轮cam盘形凸轮plate cam, disk c
7、am移动凸轮translating cam凸轮从动件cam follower直动从动件translating follower凸轮理论轮廓cam pitch curve凸轮工作轮廓cam contour, cam profile回程return travel推程rise travel回程运动角motion angle for return travel推程运动角motion angle for rise travel近休止角nearest dwell angle远休止角farthest dwell angle等速运动轨迹constant velocity motion curve余弦加速度运动
8、轨迹cosine acceleration motion curve正弦加速度运动轨迹sine acceleration motion curve螺旋机构crew mechanism差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism自锁机构self-locking mechanism间歇运动机构intermittent mechanism步进机构step mechanism不完全齿轮机构incomplete gear mechanism非圆齿轮机构non-circular gear mechanism槽轮机构geneva mechanism棘爪pawl棘轮ratchet棘轮机
9、构ratchet mechanism擒纵机构escapement差动机构differential mechanism瞬心线机构centrode mechanism2极限与配合尺寸偏差deviation基本尺寸basic size极限尺寸limits of size上偏差upper deviation实际尺寸actual size下偏差lower deviation最大极限尺寸maximum limits of size最小极限尺寸minimum limits of size间隙配合clearance fit过盈配合interference fit过渡配合transition fit公差带tol
10、erance zone基孔制hole basic system基轴制shaft basic system3疲劳强度高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue接触疲劳contact fatigue循环载荷cyclic loading随机载荷random loading恒幅载荷constant loading变幅载荷variable amplitude loading最大应力maximum stress最小应力minimum stress平均应力mean stress应力幅stress amplitude循环特性stress ratio脉动循环pulsa
11、tion cycle对称循环symmetry cycle疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳极限fatigue limit应力集中stress concentration有效应力集中系数effective stress concentrati无限寿命设计infinite life design有限寿命设计finite life designfactor尺寸系数 表面加工系数 疲劳积累损伤 载荷谱 断裂力学 4可靠性 可靠性 失效 浴盆曲线 故障 概率密度函数 5振动与冲击size factorsurface machining factor cumulative fatigue dam
12、age loading spectrum fracture mechanicsreliabilityfailurebathtub curve faultprobability density function振动 周期振动 简谐振动 随机振动 噪声 瞬态振动 稳态振动 受迫振动 纵向振动 弯曲振动 扭转振动 自激振动 非线性振动 振动模态 共振 振型 耦合振型 共振频率 阻尼 冲击 冲击脉冲 机械冲击 冲击波 冲击响应谱 冲击响应谱 6摩擦学 摩擦学 摩擦 磨损 润滑 摩擦系数 当量摩擦系数 流体摩擦 干摩擦 边界摩擦 摩擦材料vibrationperiodic vibration simpl
13、e harmonic vibration random vibration noise transient vibration steady-state vibration forced vibration longitudinal vibration bending vibration torsional vibration self-excited vibration non-linear vibration modal of vibration resonance mode shape coupled modes resonance frequency damping shock sho
14、ck pulse mechanical shock shock wave shock response spectrum shock spectrum tribology friction wear lubrication friction coefficient equivalent coefficient of friction fluid friction dry friction boundary lubrication friction material烧结金属sintered metalic material金属陶瓷ceramic friction material机械磨损mechanical wear机械化学磨损mechano-chemical wear磨料磨损abrasion, abrasive wear气蚀磨损cavitation wear黏着磨损adhesion wear剥落spalling涂抹smear
