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1、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观 愿望、假设或推测等。一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如If time permits, well go fishing togethM果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式 （be的过去式用 were）would(could/should/might)+ 动词原形与过去事实相反had+donewould(could/should/might)+have done与将来事
2、实可能相反动词过去式 should+ 动词原形were to+动词原形would(could/should/might)+ 动词原形e.g. If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, might)have telephoned you.If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.条件从句中省去if的情况:在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，如省
3、略if,则部分倒装，将had, were或should提至句首。/ Were I a bird, I could fly freely./ Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night./ Should it rain next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.句型：if it were not for冲的用法：/ If it were not for the rain, the crops should (would) die./ If it ha
4、d not been for your timely help, I would have failed.混合虚拟：有时条件从句中的动作和结果主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致,这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。/ If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish thework now.含蓄虚拟：条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。/ Without air, there would be no living things./ But for your help, we couldnt ha
5、ve succeeded in the experiment. / She eats too much every day; otherwise he would be thinner.二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 It is important /vital / necessary /essential /strange/ surprisingthat” should+动词原形；“四要两怪” It is suggested /demanded/ordered/ requested/ proposed that sheshould finish her homework this afte
6、rnoon. “建议，命令，要求”注意：虚拟语气同样适用于由主语从句转换生成的宾语从句、表语从 句和同位语从句/ I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once./ His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill./ He made the suggestion that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.注意：当suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持
7、认为”时，后接的宾 语从句当用真实语气。/ His puzzled expression suggested that he didn t understawhatthe American meant./ I insisted that I had taken the early train that morning. It was a pity /a shame/no wonder that you should be so careless.如果不表示惊奇等情感， that 从句也可用陈述句语气。如： It is pity that you cant swim.在动词wish后的宾语从句中
8、，表示与现在或过去的事实相反， 或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词 that。a表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be的过去式用 were ）b表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had+过去分词。c. 表 示 对 将 来 的 主 观 愿 望 ： 谓 语 动 词 形 式 为“would/should/could/might+ 动词原形”注意：由as if或as though引导的方式状语从句，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。用法和 wish, if only 一致;/ The teacher treats the student as if he were her own chil
9、d./ If only I were a bird!其它：/ 在 It is (high, about) time (that)；Id rather (that). I prefer (that) 句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式 ; Id rather you told me the truth./用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时 may须置于句首。 May you be happy!/May you succeed!/ We would have avoided making such a mistake, but we didnt follow his advice.He
10、would have givenyou more help, but he so busy./ 本打算做某事但没做：had hoped /intended/planned /meant to do = hoped/intended/planned/meant to have done; / would have done = be to have done = would like to have done当场检测：1. If it were not for the fact that he ill, he wouldattend the meeting. (be)2. If it were
11、not for the fact that you ill, I would ask youto do this right now. (be)3. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there more deaths. (be)4. They talked as if they good friends for years. (be)5. I to visit Beijing but I didnt have enough money.(hope)6. If only I my watch! (lose)7. -“What wi
12、ll you do during the summer holiday?” - “I dontknow, but its high time _ something.” (decide)8. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _ . (fail)9. Had you listened to the doctor, you all right now. (be)10.The order came that the medical supplies to Beijingsoon. (send)语法专项练习1. What would have h
13、appened if you her child?A. hadnt helpedB. couldnthelpC. wouldnt helpD. didnt help2. It is strange that heA. thinksB. thinkC. thoughtthink3. If I with her last summer, I with her now.A. worked.；am getting on very well Bhadworkedwould get on very wellC. had worked would have got on very well worked w
14、ill get on very well4. I wish I my uncle yesterday.A. met B. have metC. would meethad met5. The old professor before 6.A. was finishedD. shall be finished6.Its high time heA. goesD Ais going to go7. Galileo insisted that the earth _ A. should move B. move D.A or B8. I was very busy yesterday, otherw
15、ise I to the meeting.A. cameB. woUld come C. had comewould have come9. Supposing the weather bad, where would they go?A. will beB is C. wereD. be10. your letter, I would have started off two days ago.A. If I receivedB. Should I receiveC. If I could havereceived D. Had I received11. If only I to my parents advice!A. listening B. listenC. am listeninghad listened12. If it rain next week, the farmers could still have a goodharvest.A. sh
