《Research issues in intelligent transportation systems》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Research issues in intelligent transportation systems（12页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Research Issues in Intelligent Transportation SystemsProf. Lee D. Han, Ph.D.Collaborating ScientistUniversity of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National LabI. IntroductionAfter almost two decades of research, development, and implementation activities in the area of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), re
2、searchers and practitioners have achieved and learned quite a bit through various projects and studies. This knowledge and experience, in turn, points to a range of issues, which need be addressed to keep ITS on its course for success.This paper will take a brief retrospective view of ITS, its succe
3、sses and lessons learned along the way, and a number of challenges and research issues facing the transportation professionals currently. Specific emphasis will then be placed on the needs for integrating dynamic information with GIS and real-time interfacing to ITS users. II. A Brief History of ITS
4、In spite of all the attentions and substantial funding it received in recent years, Intelligent Transportation Systems is by no means a new concept. Scientist and engineers had long envisioned automated vehicle-roadway scenarios as early as 1940s. General Motors Firebirds shown here were a result of
5、 one of such dreams. The automated control on the Impala also gave the public a peek of the automated vehicle control technology of the 21st century. Nevertheless, the development and realization of a successful national ITS system only became possible in the last decade as a result of the commitmen
6、t from government, industry, as well as academia.Parallel to the efforts in Europe and Asia, the United States began its quest for an efficient transportation system in mid 80s. Recognizing the fact that massive road construction projects is not the answer to the ever increasing congestion problem,
7、visionaries called for a smarter approach, which employs and deploys innovative ideas and advanced technologies to better serve the transportation needs of the nation as well as its citizens.Started as a non-profit consortium of government, industry, and university member, Mobility 2000 was the firs
8、t national organization to kick off the nations quest towards ITS. Although, University of Californias PATH (Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways) also started at around the same time in 1986 in the State of California. In the late 80s the term Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems, or IVHS, was
9、 used, which was later changed to Intelligent Transportation Systems, or ITS, to better represent the scope of this endeavor. In 1991, IVHS America (later ITS America) replaced Mobility 2000 as the result of a Congress mandate. In the same year, Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTE
10、A) was enacted to provide the funding necessary for the subsequent research, development, and early deployment activities in ITS. ISTEA expired in 1997; but a new Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) was subsequently enacted to continue this national effort.III. Research Issues an
11、d ChallengesThere is host of issues to be resolved before a national ITS can be realized. The following paragraphs identify some of these issues listed in alphabetical order.Architecture and StandardsOne of the main activities early on was to develop a system architecture for the national ITS. The N
12、ational ITS Architecture, which was developed and revised since the mid-90, provides a common framework for planning, defining, and integrating intelligent transportation systems. It is a mature product that reflects the contributions of a broad cross-section of the ITS community (transportation pra
13、ctitioners, systems engineers, system developers, technology specialists, consultants, etc.) over a five year period. The architecture defines: The functions (e.g., gather traffic information or request a route) that are required for ITS, The physical entities or subsystems where these functions res
14、ide (e.g., the roadside or the vehicle), and The information flows that connect these functions and physical subsystems together into an integrated system.Under the National ITS Architecture, a number of user services were identified and to be provided under various User Service Bundles.User Service
15、 BundleUser ServiceTravel and Transportation Management En-Route Driver Information Route Guidance Traveler Services Information Traffic Control Incident Management Emissions Testing and Mitigation Highway-Rail Intersection Travel Demand Management Pre-Trip Travel Information Ride Matching and Reser
16、vation Demand Management and OperationsPublic Transportation Operations Public Transportation Management En-Route Transit Information Personalized Public Transit Public Travel SecurityElectronic Payment Services Electronic Payment ServicesCommercial Vehicle Operations Commercial Vehicle Electronic Clearance Automated Roa
