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1、常见自然灾害英文单词灾难英文词汇10英本 3 班1.交通事故aground 搁浅be(go, run)aground ( 船)搁浅,触礁belly out底部朝上black box ( 飞机等的 )黑匣子bound 准备(或正在)到 去的(飞机,船等)bow 船头canyon 峡谷capsize (船等)倾覆castaway 乘船遇难者(的)cliff悬崖collide ( 车船等 )碰撞crash 碰撞crosswind 侧风derail火车出轨distress signal 船只遇难时的求救信号ditch飞机迫降在水面上,汽车开到沟里escaping hatch (潜艇的 )逃生舱口fer
2、ry渡船flip over翻过来foul play不正常运作fragment碎片fuselage (飞机)机身gondola 吊舱hatch 舱门head-on train collision火车迎面相撞heavy seas 波涛汹涌的海面hull船壳,船体life vest 救生背心mangle 压碎,plunge 投入,跳进raft救生筏ram 猛撞ravine 沟壑山涧 深谷rescue team 援救人员rough seas 波涛汹涌的海面rudder舵shipwreck船只失事,失事船的残骸skip over 翻过来strand使搁浅turbulence湍流turbulent狂暴的湍
3、流的wind shear 风切变wreck on a rock触礁失事2地震等sei earthquake、temblor (美)earthshock、quake、cataclysm、seism、地震epicenter 、 epicentre 、 epicentrumseismic belt/seismic zone/ seismic areaseismic center震中aftershock余震Richter Scale(1 10) 里氏震级、seismic vertical震中地震带 ;地震区seismographer/seismologist地震学家earthquake monitor
4、ing地震监控seismic coefficient 地震系数dislocation earthquake断层地震folding earthquake褶皱地震local earthquake局部地震palintectic earthquake深源地震plutonic earthquake深源地震shallow-focus earthquake浅源地震simulated earthquake模拟地震submarine earthquake海底震tsunami海啸tectonic earthquake壳构地震volcanic earthquake火山地震earthquake monitoring地
5、震监控seismic discontinuity地震间断面seismic regionalization地震区划分after shock 余震magnitude震级seismology地震学buckle 变形,坍塌calamity灾祸debris 碎片 废墟devastate 毁坏devastating quake dilapidated house毁坏性地震部分毁坏的房屋earthquake belt地震带earthquake prone zone易震带epicenter 震中eruption喷发,爆发jolt振摇killer earthquake ( 死伤人数很多的 )强烈地震landsl
6、ide 塌方,滑坡,山崩lava 熔岩mudslide 泥石流open-ended Richter Scale 里氏地震级earthquake-stricken area (earthquake disaster region) 地震灾区 reduce to rubbles 化为瓦砾rock 震动seism 地震shantytown棚户区贫民窟shanty 棚屋shoddy building偷工减料的建筑物skimp 克扣,偷工减料sniffer dog警犬,嗅探器sniffer嗅探器stench of putrefaction腐烂东西发出的恶臭temblor地震tide wave 海啸tra
7、cking dog警犬trained-dog受过训练的狗,警犬traumatized受过精神创伤的tremor震颤tsunami 海啸unscrupulous是无忌惮的不讲道理的volcano 火山形容地震的破坏程度的动词有(按破换程度从小到大排序):damage 损害,损伤;口语伤害,毁坏destroy毁坏,破坏;摧残shatter破坏;捣毁;破灭devastate蹂躏,破坏;使荒废;毁灭level推倒,夷平flatten夷为平地national day of mourning全国哀悼日mourning ceremony 哀悼仪式national flags fly at half-mast
8、降半旗致哀silent tribute默哀online tribute网上悼念earthquake relief赈灾post-disaster reconstruction灾后重建altitude sickness高原反应quake victims遇难者relief work救援工作Tibetan treatment藏医疗法medical team医疗队relief goods救援物资slide-proof rug防滑垫cold-proof coat防寒大衣heat sensor生命探测仪signs of life生命迹象plague prevention防疫plague prevention
9、鼠疫防疫oxygen deprivation缺氧oxygen supply氧源,供氧oxygen mask 氧气罩gala devoted to quake relief赈灾晚会telethon为募捐播放的长时间的电视节目campaign-style donation activity大型募捐活动charity donor慈善捐赠者donation agreement捐赠协议charity sale义卖giveaway buffet慈善餐会地震知识:震源epicenter地震波 seismic wave纵波P-wave横波S-wave震级magnitude里氏震级Richter scale小于
10、 2.5 级的地震叫小地震, 2.5-4.7 级地震叫有感地震,大于4.7 级地震称为破坏性地震主震main shock前震pre-earthquake余震aftershock震带earthquake zone地震烈度seismic intensity构造地震Tectonic earthquake火山地震Volcanic earthquake塌陷地震Earthquake collapse诱发地震Induced earthquake人工地震Artificial earthquake3火灾,风灾,水灾,旱灾avalanche 雪崩back-to-back storms接踵而来的暴风雨batter
11、( 恶劣的天气 )连续袭击blaze 火,熊熊燃烧blizzard暴风雪carcase(carcass) (动物的)尸体,(蔑)人的尸体 cataclysm 洪水flood、deluge 、spate 洪水rock and mud slides/debris flow/ mud-rock flow泥石流landslide山体滑坡tornado龙卷风typhoon台风hurricane飓风whirlwind龙卷风twister龙卷风storm暴风雨sandstorm沙尘暴gale狂风gust阵风char 烧焦choppy 风向不定的,波浪涛涛的collapse 倒坍crest 洪峰cyclone
12、 气旋,旋风dam 水坝deluge 洪水depression 低气压dismal 凄凉的driving rain倾盆大雨drizzle 牛毛细雨drought干旱drown淹死dump (雨水)倾泻embankment 堤岸embank 筑堤防护engulf 席卷吞噬flame 火焰flood-ravaged area(洪水)受灾区fume ( 浓烈或难闻的 )烟,气,汽gale 狂风gust 阵风,(风雨雹)突然一阵gut 损毁(房屋等)内部装置hurricane飓风inundate水淹jetty 防波堤knee-deep (积雪等 )齐膝深的,没膝的levee 大堤low-lying地势低洼的maroon ( 杯水围困 )处于孤立无援的境地monsoon 季风monsoon