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1、Pragmatic Failures in Intercultural CommunicationAbstract: With the globalization of economy and the rapid development of high technology, international communication has become a significant concern in the world nowadays. However, there is a great potential for communicators to suffer communication
2、 breakdowns in intercultural context because of the cultural differences. pragmatic failures are arisen therefrom. The thesis aiming at expounding pragmatic failures in international communication, explains the definitions of intercultural communication and of pragmatic failure, illustrates the expr
3、essing forms of pragmatic failure in the intercultural communication, analyzes the reasons of pragmatic failure in the intercultural communication, and deals with precaution strategies of pragmatic failure in the intercultural communication. All above can help foreign language learners acquire sound
4、 linguistic and communicative competence, and participate in international communication flexible and properly.Key words: pragmatic failure; intercultural communication; precaution strategies跨文化交际中的语用失误中文摘要：随着经济的高速全球化以及高科技的迅猛发展，跨文化交际已成为当今世界的一个重要特征。但是文化差异常常会给不同文化背景的人们带来交际障碍。语用失误由此而生。本论文将跨文化交际做为研究对象，解
5、释跨文化交际以及语用失误的含义，阐述跨文化交际中语用失误的表现，浅析造成语用失误的原因，进而提出跨文化交际语用失误的防范对策,使学习者的文化从文化知识层跨越到文化理解层，从而有效地克服跨文化交际中的语用失误。关键词：语用失误；语用失误；防范对策。Table of ContentsAbstract()Introduction.()1 Brief Review of Relevant Theories.()1.1Intercultural Communication.()1.1.1 Culture and Communication.()1.1.2 Definition of Intercultu
6、ral Communication()1.1.3 Three Elements of Intercultural Communication.()1.2 Pragmatic Failure in Intercultural Communication.()1.2.1 Definition of Pragmatic Failure.() 1.2.2 Classification of Pragmatic Failure.()2. Expressing Forms of Intercultural Pragmatic Failure.()2.1 Pragma-linguistic Failure.
7、()2.2 Socio-pragmatic Failure.()2.3 The relationship between them.()3. The Causes of Intercultural Pragmatic Failure.()3.1 Different Cultural Values and Norms.()3.1.1 Modesty vs. Self-denigration.()3.1.2 Privacy vs. Mutual care.()3.1.3 Directness vs. Indirectness.()3.2 Inappropriate Transfer.()4. Pr
8、ecaution Strategies of Intercultural Pragmatic Failure.()4.1 Cultivating Our Pragmatic Competence()4.2 Strengthening Cultural Awareness.()Conclusion.()References.()中文摘要()Acknowledgements()IntroductionNowadays, the development of worldwide transportation and communication networks, the growth in fore
9、ign travel for pleasure, study and business, the expansion of international trade and the migration of people seeking work in the multinational companies have naturally led to a concomitant increase in contacts across national boundaries. The international and domestic changes in the past few decade
10、s have brought us into direct or indirect contact with people who, because of their cultural diversity, often behave in ways that we do not understand. It is no longer difficult to find social and professional situations in which members of once isolated groups of peoples communicate with members of
11、 other cultural groups. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. In other words, intercultural communication prevails in the so-called global village.1 Brief Review of Relevant TheoriesIn this chapter, brief review of Intercultural Communication and Pragmat
12、ic Failure in Intercultural Communication will be made. This hopefully provides theoretical background for analyzing the causes of intercultural pragmatic failure in chapter four and dealing with precaution strategies of intercultural pragmatic failure in chapter five.1.1 Intercultural Communication
13、In this section, such concepts as culture, intercultural communication and pragmatic failure will be discussed one by one.1.1.1 Culture and CommunicationAccording to sociolinguists and anthropologists, culture refers to the total patterns of beliefs, customs, institutions, objects and techniques tha
14、t characterize the life of a human community. In communicative process, culture is a critical factor. But what is culture? Culture is omnipresent. What people talk about, how they talk about it, what they see, attend to, or ignore, how they think and what they think about are influenced by their culture. Culture consists not only of such material things as cities, schools
