第八讲 非谓语动词中考要求内容基本要求略高要求较高要求非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的三种形式；二、非谓语动词的用法；三、非谓语动词中需要注意的一些问题考点梳理根据英语动词在句中是否独立用作谓语，可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种谓语动词是指动词在句中独立作谓语时采用的形式，如各种时态的形式非谓语动词是指动词在句中不独立作谓语时采用的形式，包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词、过去分词）三种清单一、动词不定式1．不定式的形式动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，称为带to 的不定式；有时，to 可以省略，称为不带to 的不定式其否定形式为 not + (to)+ 动词原形例：He wanted to sit down. 他想坐下带to 的不定式）Let him sit down. 让他坐下不带to 的不定式）这里的to 只是个语法符号，没有词义不定式在句中不能独立作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化但是，不定式作为动词的一种形式，依然保留了动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语、状语等，有时，还可以有某种时态的变化（如完成时形式）不定式与其附属部分一起构成不定式短语，在句中充当一定的句子成分例：to learn English, to work hard, to have waited a long time等。
易错点：动词不定式否定形式：not + (to) + do2．不定式的基本用法动词不定式虽然是动词的一种形式，但是它却具有名词、形容词和副词的功能，因此在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语（宾补）、定语、状语等考点 ⑴ 用作主语：不定式作主语时，常用it做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末, 其结构为It is + adj. + (for/of) +动词不定式例：To learn a foreign language is not easy.---》It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 学习一门外语并不容易To help the poor is his duty.---》It is his duty to help the poor. 帮助穷人是他的责任注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of 如： It’s very kind of you to help me. It’s very clever of you to do like that.例：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
His wish is to become a pianist.To the doctor, the most important thing is to save lives.真题回放2009年北京中考完成句子:多吃水果和蔬菜对身体有好处our health to eat more fruit and vegetables. KEY It is good for2008年北京中考完成句子:战士们已连续工作了18个小时，有必要让他们停下来休息 The soldiers have kept working for 18 hours, so _____________________________________.KEY it’s necessary to make them stop to have a rest. 考点 ⑵用作宾语：① 一些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，这类动词有：agree, begin, choose, dare, decide, expect, forget, hate, hope, learn, like, love, need, offer, prefer, promise, refuse, remember, start, try, want, wish, would like等，常用的有would like, want, decide, learn, need, refuse, agree, plan, expect, wish。
口诀1：想要决定学习，需要同意计划，希望不要拒绝想要（would like, want）决定（decide）学习（learn）需要（need）同意（agree）计划（plan）希望（wish, expect, hope）拒绝（refuse）例：I hope to see her soon.She wants to go to university some day.He began to read and write after lunch.（当一个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to真题回放2008重庆单选28：--What’s your plan for the summer holiday?--I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided _________at home and have a good rest first. A stay B to stay C stayed D stayingKEY B考点 ② 常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式Why not do…, had better (not) do…, would rather do…, could/would/will you please (not) do… I would rather stay at home. 真题（2008年北京完成句子）：1. 邮局离这儿有点远，你最好坐车去。
The post office is a bit far from here. ____________take a bus.KEY: You’d better2. 为什么不早点儿把这个好消息告诉他呢？ _____________tell him the good news a little earlier?KEY: Why not或者Why don’t you③ 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末We found it impossible to cross the river.（本句中的it 是形式宾语，不定式短语to cross the river 是真正的宾语考点 注意： 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how，who连用，相当于一个宾语从句的作用 如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. He didn’t know which to choose. 比较： what to do 与how to do it 真题回放2008年河北单选39：We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure___________.A why to start B when to start C what to start D which to start2008年四川成都单选30：All the hats look beautiful. I don’t know ______________. A how to choose B where to choose C which one to choose2008年山东潍坊单选30：The young soldier really doesn’t know __________ to stop the baby from crying hard. A what to do B how to do C when to do D where to doKEY BCA⑶用作宾语补足语：不定式作宾语补足语时有两种情况：考点 ① 在大多数双宾及物动词后，要用带to 的不定式，这类及物动词常用的有：allow, ask, beg, enable, encourage, expect, find, get, hate, help, invite, like, order, prefer, tell, wait for, want, warn, wish, would like 等。
常考点：ask/ tell sb. (not) to do sth. 口诀2：让想要希望，鼓励说服允许三 二 二， 一 一 一口诀解释：三，二，一分别指代动词的数量即：三让（tell, ask, get）, 二想要（would like/love, want）, 二希望（wish, expect）,一鼓励（encourage）一允许（allow）一说服（persuade, 高中考点，初中名校校内考试）例：They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.She wants her brother to go to university.We are waiting for the doctor to come.真题回放2009年北京中考单项选择33:The teacher asked Ben ___________a difficult question in class. A answer B answering C to answer D answered 2008年吉林中考单项选择40:Tell him __________tomorrow, OK?A come B to come C comes D is coming2009年浙江嘉兴中考单项选择22My father is not good at cooking. He often asks my mother_____________.A to help him B to be helped C not to help him D how to help him2007年上海中考单项选择：We are often told __________at people who are in trouble. A not to smile B to smile C not to laugh D to laughKEY CBAC考点 ② 在表示五官感觉、致使等意义的动词后，要用不带to 的不定式，这类动词有：feel, hear, notice, see, watch; have, let, make 等。
help 有时也可用不带to 的不定式口诀3：吾看三室两厅一感觉，半帮助打死也不吐口诀解释：吾看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe )三室（let, make, have)两厅（hear, listen to)一感觉（feel)半帮助打死也不吐(help) 注意： 常考单词--。