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1、初中英语法大全:一般现在时一般现在时其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前.其句式变化可分为两种情况1)表示动作,一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词dont;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。E.g.They have lunch at 12:00.They dont have lunch at 12:00.Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2)单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesnt;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。E.g.Jenny speaks English very well.Jenny
2、doesnt speak English very well.Does Jenny speak English very well?含有be动词的要在be上做变化.E.g. Danny is a good student.Danny isnt a good student.Is Danny a good student?一般现在时:A一般现在时表示经常发生的习惯性的动作或目前所处的状态。We go to school every day.我们每天去学校。The students study very hard.学生们学习很努力。She has a dictionary.她有一本词典。在一般现在
3、时句中,如果主语是第三人称时,动词要进行变化,变化规则如下:1)一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s.例如:works, gets, say, reads2)以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的动词,在后面加-es。例如:goes, teaches, washes3)以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加-es.例如:studies, tries ,carries动词have遇有主语是第三人称单数时,have改为has。例如:He has an interesting book.他有一本有趣的书。Our classroom has two doors.我们的教室有两个门。一般现在时的具体用法:1)表示
4、现在,目前存在的状态,性质或经常发生的动作或习惯。一般现在时常用下列副词或短语来做时间状语:often, usually, always, sometimes , seldom, every day(week, year, night), twice a month,on Sundays,never等副词连用。I often visit my teachers.我经常看望我的老师。They do morning exercises every day.他们每天做早操。2)表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(如己安排好的或计划好的动作),但限于少数动词,如:come, go, move, stop,
5、leave, arrive,finish, continue, begin,start,return,open,close等。The train comes at 3 oclock.火车三点钟到。Tomorrow is Sunday.明天是星期天。Next week they leave for Shanghai.下周他们动身去上海。Our holidays begin in a week.一周后,我们的假期开始。3)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ill help you as soon as you have problem.只要你有困难我就会帮助你。Tell X
6、iao Li about it if you meet him.如果你碰见小李,告诉他这件事情。If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go to the Summer palace.如果明天不下雨,我们去颐和园。When he gets to the village,he will write to me.他到村里后就写信给我。4)一般现在时还可用在戏剧,电影的剧本解说,体育比赛的解说以及图片的说明等场合。Tom carries the ball to the left.汤姆把球带到左方。The picture shows us how they built the
7、motorway last year.这张照片给我们展示了他们去年如何建设高速公路。5)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghailies in the east ofChina.表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。6)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较:Now
8、I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。7)有些表示心理状态或感情的动词(如be,like,hate,think,sound等)往往用一般现在时表示。I want your help.我需要你的帮助。I dont think you are right.我以为
9、你错了。Most of the girls like flowers.8)其他Here comes Li Ming!李明来了There goes the bell!铃响了。Here he comes.他来了。学生常见错误如下:一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例:We are plant(plant) the trees in spring.答案:plant解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be是表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be、do不能放一起,仔
10、细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。”自我检测:(一)、单选1 Jenny _ in an office.Her parents _in a hospital.A work; worksB works; workCwork; are workingDis working; work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A haveB there isC there areD has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rainBdidnt rainCdoesnt rainDisnt rain4 He said the sun
11、 _in the east and _in the west.A rose; setB rises; setsC rises, setD rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listenB likes; listensC like; are listeningD liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has studyB studiesC studyD studied答案:1 B2D3C4B5B6B(二)、填空1 I can take Li Ming the
12、re when he _( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_(远离)her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要)to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .答案:1 comes2 Doesknow3 i
13、s away from4 doesnt look二、单三人称形式易出错例:1 He plaies (play) football very well.2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.答案:1 plays2 goes解析:1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es;2与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.三、在句式变换时易出错例:1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.答案:1 Doeshave2 doesn
14、t live解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday.四、对do的理解易出错例:We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon.答案:dont do解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义:a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“做,干”。此句中给出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词dont。五、对主语的数判断有误例:Li Ming with me are (be) inBeijing.答案: is解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用is.