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1、临床执业医师考试大纲复习生理学名师辅导讲义第二篇 生 理 学第1章 细胞的基本功能考纲要求细胞膜的物质转运功能：单纯扩散，易化扩散，主动转运，出胞和入胞。细胞的兴奋性和生物电现象：静息电位和动作电位及其产生机制，兴奋性与兴奋的引起，阈值，阈电位和动作电位的关系，兴奋在同一细胞上传导的机制和特点。骨骼肌的收缩功能：神经骨骼肌接头处的兴奋传递，骨骼肌的兴奋收缩耦联。复习要点 一、物质的跨膜转运物质的跨膜转运方式包括单纯扩散、 经载体或经通道易化扩散、 原发性或继发性主动转运、 出胞和入胞。其中，单纯扩散、易化扩散和主动转运是小分子物质的跨膜转运方式，出胞或入胞是大分子物质的跨膜转运方式。1单纯扩散
2、能以单纯扩散跨膜流动的物质都是脂溶性的和少数分子很小的水溶性物质。扩散的方向及速度取决于该物质在细胞膜两侧的浓度差和膜对该物质的通透性，后者取决于物质的脂溶性和分子大小。 2易化扩散易化扩散是指物质的扩散是在通道或载体帮助下完成的，这些通道或载体是位于细胞膜结构中的一些特殊蛋白质分子。易化扩散是非脂溶性物质的转运方式之一。经通道介导的溶质几乎都是离子，因而通道也称离子通道。离子通道可分为电压门控通道、化学门控通道和机械门控通道等。离子通道有静息、激活和失活三种功能状态，通道对离子的导通表现为开放和关闭两种状态。离子通道的两个重要特征为离子选择性和门控特性。C29C91AFE4CED1B6C87
3、95AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD9C91FE4CED1B6C8795AD29C91AFEDD1B6C87D1B6C8795AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD9C91FE4CED1B6C8795AD29C91AF95AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD9D1B6C8795AD9C91AFE4CED1B6C8795A1AFE4CED1B6C8795AD91AFE4CED1B6C8795AD9C91FE4CED1B6C8795AD29C91AFC9
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