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1、初中英语宾语从句详解在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1.连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用 that 引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用 whether在具有选择意义，又有 o
2、r 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用whether。如：Let me know whether he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。在介词之后用 whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。在不定式前用whether。如：He
3、hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。whether 置于句首时，不能换用 if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽
4、车。若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗
5、？2.语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。 连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，wh
6、ich，how many，how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如： Could you tell me w
7、hat I should do with the money？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。3时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I do
8、nt know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等
9、，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。4注意：if 和 when 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同if 和 when 引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。Do you know when he will come back to
10、morrow ？Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell youI dont know if he will comeHe will come if it doesnt rain5.简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是 hope， decide， wish， choose， agree，promise 等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如： Li Ming hopes he wil
11、l be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 方法二：当主句谓语动词是 know， learn， remember， forget，tell 等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词不定式”结构。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓
12、语动词是 tell， ask， show， teach 等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词不定式”结构。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 方法三：当主句的谓语动词是 order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）不定式”结构。例如： The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. T
13、he headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如： He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. t The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth. 方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语V-ing 形式（
14、作宾语补足语）”结构。例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. LiuPing found a wallet lying on the ground. 方法六：动词 seem 后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如： It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。 例如： I found that it was difficult to learn
15、English well. I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy.宾语从句练习 一1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never goneC. has never been D. had never been 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had
