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1、马斯洛需求层次理论外文翻译 本科毕业论文(设计)外 文 翻 译原文:Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is a valuable assessment tool that is used in many different professions, particularly those in the fields of education and health care. The ideas of needs are addressed in order, as the body resolves the most ba
2、sic needs for survival before moving on to more complex needs. Many educational programs in the health care field teach Maslows hierarchy in order to address the needs of patients and where they are in their life from a psychological perspective, simply because it helps identify and address the need
3、s of those particular patients. The idea of using a hierarchy pyramid helps us to lay out the stages of need, starting with the base of the pyramid, which looks at physiological needs. As we work our way up the pyramid, the needs start to become more complex, and include safety needs, social needs,
4、esteem needs, and finally, at the very top, we have self-actualization. This article explores the theories of Abraham Maslow in detail, as well as addresses the controversies that have been questioned in his theory. This article will also evaluate the impact of these theories on human behavior and a
5、ssess each of the components comprised within Maslows Hierarchy Pyramid. Physiological Needs Physiological needs are influenced generally through the cravings that we have. If a person is thirsty, he or she finds a drinking fountain. Similarly, if the individual is hungry, he or she will find food.
6、If the body is being deprived of oxygen, it will surely react. If there is a vitamin deficiency, the body has subtle ways of fulfilling that need.One example of how the body regulates itself on a physiological level is by homeostasis. Homeostasis simply means to regulate. A part of the human brain,
7、called the hypothalamus, plays an important role in keeping the body regulated by controlling the bodys thermostat, which is controlled by the release of several hormones called gonadotropins. Another prime example is the release of the “fight or flight” hormones that are secreted by the adrenal med
8、ulla of the adrenal glands. If there is a need for the body to defend itself, these hormones will surge into action to prepare the body for fight or flight. These hormones, although they play an important role, are kept in compliance by regulatory mechanisms within the brain. Throughout life, the id
9、ea of physiological needs remains consistent. The need to maintain adequate physiological balance will always be essential, and may kick into action in very different ways at various different times, whether the individuals experiencing it are aware of it or not. For example, how would anyone ever g
10、et a good nights sleep if they had to literally think about their breathing pattern, heart rate or blood pressure on a conscious level? Sure some people may have to get up during the night to use the restroom or grab a glass of water, but remember that this is all part of how the body regulates itse
11、lf. The notion that physiological needs tie into other, more complex needs of the hierarchy is very relevant. Maslow believed that once the physiological needs are met in sufficient detail, people move on to address these more complex needs. Safety and security make up the next platform of the pyram
12、id. Safety Needs Much like physiological needs require maintenance throughout life, so does the need to feel secure. This need is more psychological. With that being said, safety needs may be different for each individual, depending on where he or she is in life. For a child, this need may manifest
13、as the need for a safe family environment. There has to be security in the home, with warmth and love. When a family is dysfunctional, it makes it difficult for that child to move up to the next level of social needs because fear is often present. For adults, this need may be economic in nature. If
14、a person loses his or her job, for example, fear and anxiety will have an impact on that persons social life, and may cause him or her to regress. Additionally, adults are not immune to the need of safety. In some parts of the world, where there is chaos, people are stuck at this level of needing to
15、 feel safe. The goal of consistently meeting the need for safety is to have stability in ones life. It is the idea of being able to walk around the block at night without the worry of being mugged Belonging Needs Advancing up the hierarchy pyramid, the next level represents the need to belong on a s
16、ocial level. The social level generally becomes the priority only after the physiological and safety needs have been sufficiently met and maintained. A sense of belonging can be felt when an individual becomes more focused on the desire to build relationships with others. This includes the desire for a romantic partner, to have close friends, and maybe to get married and have children. A sense o
