《柴油机的维修保养方法与节油技巧》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《柴油机的维修保养方法与节油技巧（12页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、柴油机维修保养的技巧与措施Diesel engine repair and maintenance methods and techniques of一、保养技巧One, maintenance skills1、柴油发动机的“飞车”现象及应急措施 “飞车”或超速是发动机特有的一种现象。“飞车”时柴油机转速失去控制，并且越来越快，以至超过容许的最高转速并随着有巨大声响，严重时导致机件损坏报废。引起“飞车”重要因素有两方面：一是喷油泵调速器自身的故障，使其丧失了正常的调节特性；另一方面是柴油机调速特性的变化，其特性是喷油泵调速器自身没有故障，而柴油机在运转过程中有额外柴油或机油进入燃烧室燃烧。发生
2、“飞车”现象应采用紧急措施，发动机转速高到一定限度时会发生故障。制止超速的紧急措施有： In 1, diesel engine flying car phenomenon and its emergency measures coaster or speeding is a peculiar phenomenon of engine. Runaway diesel engine speed is out of control, but also more and more quickly, and exceed the maximum allowed speed and with a grea
3、t noise, leading to severe damage to parts scrapped. Runaway due to two main reasons : one is the fault of fuel injection pump governor itself, that the loss of the normal adjustment characteristics; on the other hand, is a diesel engine speed regulation characteristic changes, its characteristic is
4、 the injection pump governor itself has no fault, and the diesel engine during the operation process with additional diesel oil or engine oil from entering the combustion chamber combustion. Runaway phenomenon should take emergency measures, at high engine speeds to a certain extent will malfunction
5、. To stop speeding emergency measures:（1）迅速将加速踏板收回到停车位置。 (1) rapidly accelerating pedal back in the parking position. （2）有减速装置的，迅速将减压手柄拉到停油位置（或减压位置）。 (2) a deceleration device, rapid decompression handle is pulled to stop oil position (or reducing position ).（3）及时挂入高速挡，踏下制动踏板，缓抬离合器，使发动机熄火。 (3) to ha
6、ng into high gear, depress the brake pedal, slowly release the clutch, the engine flameout.（4）迅速断开高压油管，停止供油。 (4) quickly disconnect the high pressure oil pipe, oil supply stop.（5）迅速用衣服包紧空气滤清器，使发动机断气熄火。 (5) quickly with a clothes bag air filter, so that the engine expiration blowout.以上五步简称“减速、减压、制动、断
7、气”。 The five steps above referred to as the reduction, decompression, brake, die.2、柴油机各缸工作状况检查措施 In 2, the cylinders of diesel engine working condition inspection method（1）听音法：用听诊器或借助金属棒，接近喷油器体的部位，倾听各缸爆发的声音，正常的声音类似金属敲击“当当”的声响。若只有“嗬嗬”持续不干脆的响声时，则该缸供油太少或是没有及时着火，如敲击声很大，阐明该缸供油量太大或喷油时间过早。 (1) listen and a
8、ct: stethoscope or with the aid of a metal bar, near the injector body parts, listen to each cylinder explosion sound, normal metal percussion sounds similar to should. If only the Ho continuous not just noise, then the cylinder oil supply too little or no timely ignition, such as percussion sound i
9、s very big, the cylinder oil supply amount is too large or injection time of premature.（2）观色法：柴油机工作正常时，排出的废气颜色为淡灰色，负荷大时略深。如排黑气，阐明可燃气体燃烧不完全。排蓝烟，表白润滑油进入气缸内燃烧。排白烟，则阐明柴油机中有水，可燃气体未燃烧也排白烟。排气管持续排出不正常的烟色，阐明个别缸工作不正常。 (2) view color method: diesel engine working normally, exhaust gas colour is pale gray, when
10、 the load is large slightly deep. If the row of black gas, illustrate the combustible gas incomplete combustion. Rows of blue smoke, show that the lubricating oil into the cylinder combustion. Rows of white smoke, the diesel engine with water, combustible gas combustion exhaust white smoke or not. E
11、xhaust pipe continuous discharge abnormal color, description of individual cylinder not working properly.（3）感温法：在柴油机启动后的最初阶段（工作一段时间后排气管温度很高，用手触摸会烫伤）用手摸各缸排气管的温度，可鉴别各缸工作状况。如果各缸排气管的温度比其她缸高，阐明该缸供油量偏高；若温度低，则该缸供油量少、或不喷油、或喷油后没完全燃烧或不燃烧。(3): temperature sensing method in diesel engine starting after the init
12、ial phase ( after a period of time working with the exhaust pipe temperature is very high, touch the scald ) touch the cylinder exhaust pipe temperature, differential cylinder working condition. If the cylinder exhaust pipe temperature than the other cylinder, the cylinder oil high; if the temperatu
13、re is low, the cylinder oil less, or injection, or injection after complete combustion or burning.（4）脉冲法：用手捏紧高压油管，感觉喷油时的脉动状况，脉动小，爆发声音弱，温度低的缸供油量偏小。爆发声音不正常和温度高为喷油器喷油油压下降，喷油雾化不良，或不能及时着火和完全燃烧。脉动大，爆发声音强，温度高的缸为供油量偏大。爆发声音弱和温度低为喷油器孔或针阀卡死。 (4) pulse method: hand clenched high-pressure tubing, feel when fuel
14、injection pulse, small pulsation, sound weak, low temperature of the small cylinder oil. Sound is not normal and high temperature for fuel injector fuel injection pressure drop, atomization adverse, or not timely ignition and combustion. The pulsating sound, strong, high temperature of the cylinder
15、oil supply amount is too large. Sound weak and low temperature for fuel injector hole or pin valve jammed.（5）断油法：为了精确判断哪缸有故障，可逐缸切断高压油管至喷油器油路，即停止工作，以观测柴油机工作状况的变化。当切断某缸油路时，若柴油机转速和声音没有变化或变化不大，阐明该缸工作正常。如间断敲缸，排黑烟时，当切断某缸的油路后，故障现象消失，则阐明故障在该缸。 (5) oil method: to accurately determine which cylinder has fault
16、, each cylinder cut off high pressure tubing to the fuel injector circuit, stops working, to observe the changes in operating conditions of diesel engine. When cutting a cylinder oil line, if the engine speed and sound or no change is not big, the cylinder work normal. Such as intermittent knock, a row of black smoke, when cutting a cylinder oil, fault disappears, then the fault in the cylinder.3、柴油机节油五法 In 3, five
