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1、名词解释1. command economy：In a pure command economy,the government plans the goods and services that a country produces,the quantity in which they are produced,and the prices at which they are sold.2. Mixed economy:In a mixed economy,certain sectors of the economy are left to private ownership and free
2、 market mechanisms while other sectors have significant state ownership and government planning.3. Culture:a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living.4. Values:abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good,
3、right,and desirable.Put differently,values are shared assumptions about how things ought to be.5. Norms:the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations.6. Mores:mores are norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social lif
4、e.7. Organization culture:refers to the values and norms that employees of an organization share.8. Culture relativism:which is the belief that ethics are nothing more than the reflection of a culture-all ethics are culturally determined-and that accordingly,a firm should adopt the ethics of the cul
5、ture in which it is operating.9. Core compete:refers to skills within the firm that competitors cannot easily match or imitate.10. Learning effects:refer to cost savings that come from learning by doing.11. Turnkey project:the contractor agrees to handle every detail of the project for a foreign cli
6、ent,including the training of operating personnel.12. Licensing agreement:is an arrangement whereby a licensor grants the rights to intangible property to another entity(the licensee)for a specified period,and in return,the licensor receives a royalty fee from the licensee.13. Greenfield ventures:a
7、firm can establish a wholly owned subsidiary in a country by building a subsidiary from the ground up判断1.Globalization has several facets,including the globalization of markets and the globalization of production.2.In a pure command economy,the government plans the goods and services that a country
8、produces,the quantity in which they are produced,and the prices at which they are sold.3.A civil law system is based on a detailed set of laws organized into codes.4.Norms are the social rules that govern peoples actions toward one or another.Norms can be subdivided further into two major categories
9、:folkways and mores.Folkways are the routine conventions of everyday life.5.Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world.6.Hinduism has approximately 750 million adherents, most of them on the Indian subcontinent.7.Justice theories focus on the attainment of a just distribution of
10、 economic goods and services.8.Adam Smith attacked the mercantilist assumption that trade is a zero-sum game.9.Firms that compete in the global marketplace typically face two types of competitive pressure,they face pressure for cost reductions and pressure to be locally responsive.10.The firm that e
11、nters into a turnkey deal will have no long-term interest in the foreign country.11.Instead,the franchisee typically assumes those and risks.This creates a good incentive for the franchisee to build a profitable operation as quickly as possible.12.Common law is based on tradition,precedent,and custo
12、m.13.This gives a common law system a degree of flexibility that other systems lack.选择题1. The role of technological change: (1).Microprocessors and telecommunications (2).The internet and world wide web (3).Transportation technology2. There are three main types of legal systems or legal traditionsin
13、 use around the world:common law,civil law,and theocratic law(宗教法).3. Several sociologists have argued that of the main branches of Christianity-Catholic,Orthodox,and Protestant(新教)-the latter has the most important economic implications.新教对资本主义旳产生具有非常重要旳意义。4. This basic thesis is that Confucian eth
14、ics may help explain the economic success of China,Japan,and south Korea because it lowers the cost of doing business in those countries.In this regard,three values central to the Confucian system of ethics are of particular interest:loyalty（忠诚）,reciprocal obligations（互惠）,and honesty（诚实） in dealings
15、 with others.5. Straw men争议旳观点包括哪些：the friedman doctrine,culture relativism,the righteous moralist正义旳道德说教者，the naive immoralist.6. For porter,the essential task was to explain why a nation achieves international success in a particular industry.7. FDI给东道国旳好处host-country benefits:(1)resource-transfer
16、 effects(2)employment effects(3)balance-of-payments effects(4)effect on competition and economic growth8. FDI给东道国旳负面影响costs:(1)adverse effects on competition(2)adverse effects on the balance of payments(3)national sovereignty and autonomy9. Pressure for local responsiveness:(1)differences in customer tastes and preferences(2)differences in infrastructure and traditional practices(3)differences in dis
