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1、backer60bag34Batteries Built by Viruses病毒电池What do chicken pox, the common cold the flu , and AIDS have in common? Theyre all disease caused by viruses, tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It no wonder1 that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of2 v
2、iruses is whats on peoples minds.水痘、普通感冒、流 感和艾滋病有哪些相似之处呢？这些都是由病 毒引起的疾病。病毒是能够在人与人之间传染 的微生物。难怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想 到的是如何躲避病毒。Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though3.In Cambridge, Massachusetts4, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting
3、viruses to work，teaching them to build some of the world smallest rechargeable batteries 然而，并不是每 个人都躲避这些病毒携带者。在马萨诸塞州剑 桥市，科学家发现有些病毒能起到非同寻常的 作用。他们使病毒开始工作，使病毒构成世界 上最小的充电电池。Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but theyre not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with5
4、 the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge， she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology ， technology and production techniques.病毒和电池的搭档似乎
5、并不常见， 但这对于工程师安吉拉贝尔彻来说却并不陌 生。安吉拉贝尔彻最早产生了这一想法。在位 于剑桥市的麻省理工学院，她和合作者一起用 新方式融合了不同的科学领域。在由病毒构成 的电池里，科学家融合了他们在生物、技术和 生产工艺方面的知识。Belcher team includes Paula Hammond， who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet-Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. Were working on thin
6、gs we traditionally don tassociate with nature, says Hammond.贝尔彻的团队包括帮 助组装微型电池的宝拉哈蒙德和以电池形式存储能量的专家蒋业明。哈蒙德说，我们现在 从事的行业是传统中不会想到的。”Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A， C and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However
7、every yea，new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink, ordinary bakeries won t be small enough to fit inside.许多电池已经很小 了。A型、C型和D型电池都可以握在手里。硬币形状的手表电池通常比分币还小。然而， 个人音乐播放器和手机等新型电子设备变得越 来越小。这些设备变小了，普通电池就无法安 装进去了。The ideal batt
8、ery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now, Belcher model battery, a metallic disk completely built by viruses, looks like a regular watch battery. But inside, its components are very small-so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope. 理想的电池应当体积小、储能多。，贝尔彻的 电池模型是完全由病毒构成的
9、金属圆盘，看起 来就像普通手表电池。但里面的部件却非常小 小到用高倍望远镜才能看到。How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size, pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is-pretty thin , right? Although the width of each person s ha bit different, you coul
10、d probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts side to side across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7.这些电池部件到底有 多小呢？从头上拔一根头发，把它放到白纸上， 看看头发的宽度是不是很细呢？尽管每个人的头发宽度不同，每个头发上可以并列排放 大约10个病毒电池部件。这些为电池能会改变 我们对病毒的看法。1. According to the first paragraph , people try
11、to 根据第一段，人们设法去 C.stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.躲避病毒，因为他们的疾病 都是由病毒引起的。2. What is Belcher team doing at present? Belcher的团队现在正在做什么C. It is making batteries with viruses.制造病毒 电池。3. What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word shrink appearing in paragrap
12、h 5 ? 那个词可以和第5段中的“shrik收缩”表达意 思相反D.Expand.膨胀4. Which of the following is true of Belcher s battery mentioned in paragraph 6? 6 段中提到的 Belcher s batt哪个描述是真的D. It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it. 它是 指由病毒构成的金属圆盘。5. How tiny is one battery part? 一个电池部件 有多小？A.Its width is one tenth of a hair.它的宽
13、度是头发的1/1035Putting Plants to Work 植物效能Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts : Theyve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years. 太阳能的使用已经不足为奇。几十年前，人们 就开始使用太阳
14、能计算器，制造太阳能电热板 镶嵌的建筑。但是植物当属应用太阳能的专家： 十亿年来，植物一直把阳光作为能源资源。Ceils in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into1 sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless
15、 youre a plant, its difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. Thats why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.绿叶植物细胞的工作就像微型加 工厂一样，将阳光，二氧化碳和水转化为糖和 淀粉，并且同时储存植物本身所需的能量。这 种转换过程叫做光合作用。可惜你不是一株植 物，必须困难的并且花上大价钱将阳光转换为 稳定的能源。因此，科学家们正在对植株进行 准确细致的研究。Some scienti
16、sts are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Mafia Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo. 2, is working with green algae3. Shes trying to trick them into producing hydrogen4 instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficientl
