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1、-Bunge Corpn v. Tradax SA邦基公司诉特达克斯出口公司SA案Anfobstandardformcontract(GAFTA119),incorporatedintoanagreementforsaleandpurchase, provided that the buyers had to give the sellers fifteen days notice of probable readinessof the vessel nominated for use for shipment of the goods.交货标准形式合同(GAFTA119),纳入一个买卖协议,
2、买方必须提供给卖方可能准备提前十五天通知船舶提名用于装运的货物。The buyers gave only thirteen days notice and the sellers claimed that this was a breach ofcondition entitling them to rescind the contract.买家只给了卖方提前十三天的通知，因此，卖家声称这一个违反条件使他们享有解除合同的权利。They damage for the loss sustained by reason of their being unable to deliver the goo
3、d intimeandthesalegoinguncompletedatthecontractpricewhichwashigherthanthecurrentmarket price: Held in a mercantile contract, when a term had to be performed by one party as aconditionprecedenttotheabilityoftheotherpartytoperformanotherterm,especiallyanessential term such as ensuring that the goods s
4、old would be available for shipment at a certaintime and place, the term as to time for the performance of the former obligation would in generalfall to be treated as a condition.他们持续亏损的原因是因为他们无法及时交货和未完成的合同价格高于当前市场价格:在商业合同中,当一个术语必须由一方作为一个先决条件,另一方必须来执行另一方所提出的术语,尤其是一个重要术语,譬如确保产品可以在特定的时间和地点,交货时间性能的任期前义
5、务将通常被视为一个条件。In the present case the term would be so treated and the buyers were consequently in breach.在目前的情况下,术语被如此对待所以买方违反规定。The court would uphold the claim of the sellers.法院将维护卖方的索赔。Under a contract which incorporated GAFTA from 119 the buyers agreed to purchase fromthe sellers 15000 tons of so
6、ya bean meal, 5% more or less, for shipment form the United States.根据一份纳入GAFTA119的合同中，买方同意从卖方购置15000吨大豆,5%溢短装,在美国交货。-It was the practice in the trade for a string of contracts to be made in which the shipmentcontract was merely an intermediate contract made in the course of the passage of the goods
7、fromthe supplier to the eventual receiver.这是在合同的字符串的贸易实践中做了发言，装运合同仅仅是在货物从供给商到最终的接收器通道的过程中作出一个中间合同。Thetermsofthepartiescontractrequiredthreeshipmentsof5000tonsfobfromanAmerican port in the Gulf to Mexico nominated by the sellers.双方的合同条款中规定5000吨货物以FOB的方式分三批从海湾的美国港口运到墨西哥并由卖方提名。By agreement between the
8、parties one of the shipments was to be during June 1975.经双方协议，出货批量中的一批是在1975年6月期间出货。The buyers were to provide a vessel at the nominated port and by virtue of clause 7 of form119 as completed by the parties they were required to give at least 15 consecutive days notice ofthe probable readiness of th
9、e vessel.买家提供在指定港口的船并根据119章第7条款要求“给连续至少15天通知来准备船。IfthegoodsweretobeshippedduringJunethebuyerswerethereforerequiredtogivenotice of their vessels readiness by June 13.如果货物六月期间装运，买方因此要求6月13日给他们的船只已准备就绪通知书。In fact the buyers did not give notice until June 17.事实上，买方并没有给出提示，直到6月17日。Thesellersclaimedthatth
10、elatenoticewasabreachofcontractamountingtoarepudiation and claimed damages from the buyers on the basis that by then the market price hadfallen by over $US60 a ton.卖方声称通知延迟是不可否认的违反了合同并且要求赔偿根据买方届时市场价格已下跌了超过的60美元/吨的金额。Thedisputewasreferredtoarbitrationwherethesellerswereawarded$US317500damages.该项争端已提交
11、仲裁，其中卖家被授予317500美元赔偿。-Thosedamageswerecomputedonthebasisthatthequantityinvolvedwas5000tons,having regard to clause 22 of form 119 which stipulated, inter alia, thatIn the event of default inshipment or delivery, damages were to be computed upon the mean contract quantity(ie 5000tons).这些损害赔偿计算的根底上，涉及
12、的数量为5000吨，考虑到表119中规定，条款22，除其他外，“在装船或交付违约，赔偿是计算后的平均合同量即5000吨。On appeal to the Commercial Court the judge reversed that award on the ground that theterm as to time when notice was required to be given was not a condition but an intermediate termand the lateness of the notice did not amount to a breach
13、 of contract.在上诉到商业法庭，法官推翻了这项赔偿，并认为在中期的时间通知和通知延迟不算违反合同期限。The Court of Appeal reversed that finding on the ground that the term was a condition,and restored the award of damages.上诉法院推翻了，这个期限是一个条件，并恢复了损害赔偿金的裁决。The Court of Appeal, however, reduced the award on the ground that clause 22 of form119 was
14、restricted to default by the sellers and did not therefore apply to the award which was , onordinary principles, to be computed on the minimum quantity the buyers were required to take,namely 4750 tons (ie 5000 tons less 5%).上诉法院，然而，减少了赔偿，理由是119章第22条只限于由卖方违约，因此并不适用于该赔偿，在一般原那么下，要计算的最小数量的买家需要，即4750吨50
15、00吨以下5%。The buyers appealed to the House of Lords , contending that the term as to notice wasan intermediate term ,that the effect of a breach of the term depended on the gravity of the breach,and that (as the sellers conceded) if the term was not a condition but merely an intermediate termthebreachwasnotsufficientlyserioustoentitlethesellerstotreatthecontractasbeingrepudiated.买方向上议院上诉，争辩说，通知是一个中间术语，违约的影响取决于违约的严重性，而作为卖方成认如果期限没有条件只是一个中期违约是缺乏够严重的称作卖方将合同作为否认。-Thesellerscross-appealed,contendingclause22ofform119appliedtotheawardandthereforethedamages ou
