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1、目录重庆大学硕士学位论文基于虚拟仪器技术的应变测试仪的研究与开发重庆市重点攻关项目（合同编号：2003-7707） 硕士研究生：文 成指导教师： 秦树人 教授学科专业： 机械电子工程重庆大学机械工程学院二O O四年五月A Dissertation of Chongqing Universityfor Masters Degree in EngineeringStudy and Development of Strain Measurement Based on Virtual Instrument TechnologyChongqing Tackle Key Project(Approved
2、NO. 2003-7707) Candidate: Wen ChengSupervisor: Prof. Qin Shuren Major: Mechantronics EngineeringCollege of Mechanical EngineeringChongqing UniversityMay 2004摘 要应变测量是机械工程中分析零件或结构受力状态、验证设计的正确性、确定整机在实际工作时负载情况和研究某些物理现象机理的重要手段之一，因此，快速开发高性能应变测试仪十分必要。本文首先介绍了国内外应变测量仪器的现状和发展趋势，分析了传统硬件化应变测量仪器的主要特点及其存在的不足。随后介绍
3、了应变测量的理论、方法以及相关的信号处理知识，同时还介绍了虚拟仪器技术的概念、特点以及虚拟仪器的开发技术，并和传统硬件化仪器做了对比，突出了虚拟仪器的优越性。虚拟仪器代表着从传统硬件为主的测量系统到以软件为中心的测量系统的根本性转变，是对传统仪器概念的重大突破。然后提出用虚拟仪器技术来改造传统硬件化应变测量仪器，开发了基于虚拟仪器技术的应变测试仪。在本文中，详细阐述了虚拟式应变测试仪系统的逻辑结构和软硬件设计，并以Visual C+为开发平台，运用面向对象（OOP）的软件设计方法，构建出了图形逼真、功能强大的虚拟式应变测试仪。该系统的软件由主控制模块、初始化模块、数据采集模块、数据处理模块、图
4、形显示模块、存储打印模块和辅助功能模块七部分组成，实现了对应变信号进行采集、处理、分析和显示。系统可对与应变测量有关的多类型参量进行实时测量，将信息的采集和处理一体化，数据和结果实现可视化，其价格比传统应变测量仪器低廉，大大提高了工作效率。同时对测试仪器进行了现场测试实验，并对测试结果进行了误差分析，提出了解决的方法和措施。通过对该系统的研究，突出了软件才是虚拟仪器的核心，强调了基于虚拟仪器技术的应变测试仪的实际应用价值。最后提出了系统进一步开发的设想，即网络化分布式测试系统。本文介绍的虚拟式应变测试仪，是在秦树人教授倡导下将虚拟仪器技术应用于测试系统的一次成功的尝试。工程实践表明，虚拟式应变
5、测试仪具有功能强、精度高、效率高、成本低、开放性和扩展性好等优点，完全可以替代传统的硬件化应变测量仪器，是一种可以广泛推广应用的测量仪器。关键词：应变测量，软件开发，虚拟仪器ABSTRACTStrain measurement is one of the important means that analyses accessory or structure stress, validates design correctness, confirms complete machine load status when working or studies physical phenomenon
6、 mechanism in mechanical engineering. So with quick speed developing high-powered strain measuring instruments is needed. The paper firstly introduces the strain measurement present status and developing trend at home and abroad, analyses traditional hardware-based instrument for strain measurement
7、key feature and existing shortages. Subsequently introduce the theory, method of strain measurement and correlative signal processing knowledge. At the same time introduces conception, characteristic of virtual instrument technology and development technique of virtual instrument. The virtual instru
8、ment and hardware-based instrument are contrasted, which stands out the superiority of virtual instrument. The virtual instrument is a sign that measurement system is transforming from hardware-based system to software-based system. It has broken through traditional concept of instrument. Then bring
9、 forward changing tradition hardware-based instrument for virtual instrument technology, develop the strain measurement instrument based on virtual instrument technology.In this paper, it expatiate logic structure and software and hardware design of virtual strain measurement system. At Visual C+ de
10、velopment platform using OOP software design method develop the virtual strain measurement instrument that its figure is true to nature, its function is powerful. The software of system is composed of center control module, initialization module, data processing module, data processing module, graph
11、ical display module, data storage module and the auxiliary functions module. It fulfils signal acquisition, processing, analysis and display. The system can realize real-time measurement for many parameters that correlate with strain. It can realize integration for sampling and processing of signal,
12、 visualization for data and result. The system is lower cost and higher work efficiency. At the same time with instrument do experiment on site testing, do error analysis to test result, bring forward resolve method and measure. It stand out that software is a pith of virtual instrument. The applied
13、 cost of virtual strain measurement system based on component technology is stressed. Lastly bring forward the further development of system, that is distributing network measurement.Introduced virtual strain measurement instrument in the paper is a successful try that Prof. Shuren Qin take the init
14、iative apply virtual instrument technology to measurement system. Engineering practice make show that virtual strain measurement instrument have the features that its function is powerful, its precision is high, its efficiency is high, its cost is low and its openness and expansibility is good. It c
15、an replace traditional hardware-based instrument for strain measurement completely, is a measurement instrument that can be extended abroad.Key words: strain measurement, software development, virtual instrument 目 录中文摘要I英文摘要1 绪 论11.1 测试领域面临的挑战与对策11.2 国内外应变测量发展的历史与现状21.2.1 应变测量的特点21.2.2 应变测量装置的种类31.2.3 应变测量仪器与系统的发展41.3 基于虚拟仪器技术的应变测试仪研究的意义52 应变测量技术基础72.1应变测量原理72.1.1 应变测量原理简介72.1.2 电阻应变计82.1.3 应变测量电桥92.1.4 单臂电桥的线性化处理142.1.5 电桥自动平衡技术152.1.6 电桥在使用中应注意的问题152.1.7 放大电路162.1.
