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1、宾语从句一，引导词A、 由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中 不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好， 特别是在笔语中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意 义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。例：I dont thin
2、k you are right.（我认为你做的不对）l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式 宾语。例：We thi nk it wro ng that he told a lie to every one （我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的）B、由连词if、whether引导的表示是否的宾语从句。Whether, if在从句中不做句子的成 分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。例: I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had
3、 fini shed the experime nt.l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例: Everyth ing depe nds on whether we have eno ugh money。l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.例: I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例: Whether to go there or not has nt bee n decided.C、 由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,和连接副
4、词 when, where, why, how等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在 句中充当句子的成分。例: Do you know which film they are talking about? （which 做定语）I dont know where he lives. （where 做地点状语）二，宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例: I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wan ted to know what
5、 they can do for us.三，宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即:主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是 一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过 去完成时态。例：1）She says that she is a stude nt.She said that she was a stude nt.2）She says that she will fly to Japa n in a week.She said that she would fly to Japa n in a week.3）She says that
6、she has fini shed her homework already.She said that she had fini shed her homework already.4）She says that she can sing a song in En glish.She said that she could sing a song in En glish.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japa
7、n is an isla nd coun try.Could you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。例: Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?注意事项：由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。例: She said: I have been to England before.She said that she had bee n to En gla nd before.She asked me: Do you like maths?She asked me if I liked mat
8、hs.宾语从句与简单句的交换。由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时, 可以用疑问词+不定式做宾语的简单句结构。例: I dont know what I should do next.I cont know what to do n ext.He did nt know where he would live.He did nt know where中考英语定语从句考点扫描在主从复合句中充当定语的句子是定语从句，它在句中修饰名词或代词。定语从句一般 由关系代词that, which, who(m), whose和关系副词when, where, why
9、等引导。被定语从句 修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常放在先行词的后面作后置定语。在中考试题中，主要考 查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。一、一般情况下，当先行词指人时，用that, who或whom引导。如：I know the young man that/who is reading under the tree. 我认识在树下读书的那个年 轻人。The girl whom you talked about a moment ago is my daughter. 你们刚才谈论的女孩 是我的女儿。【温馨提示】当指人的先行词后有介词时，关系代词不用that,而要用whom。如：Jim is
10、 the person for whom you are looking. 吉姆是你在寻找的人。二、当先行词指物时，用which或that引导。当关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略。 如：Give me the pen that/which is on the desk. 把桌子上的钢笔给我。【温馨提示】一)当先行词指物时只能用that而不能用which的几种常见情况：1. 先行词为 all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代词时。如：There is nothing that can stop him from doin
11、g it. 没有什么能阻止他做这件事。2. 先行词前有last, next, only，very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。如：This is the most interesting film that was shown last week. 这是上周所放映的影片中最有 趣的一部。The only thing that they can do is to wait. 他们唯一能做的事就是等待。3. 先行词前有序数词或最高级等修饰时。如：This is the second computer that father has just bought. 这是爸爸刚刚买的第二台电 脑。This is
12、 the very pen （that） you bought yesterday. 这正是你昨天买的笔。4. 当先行词既有人，又有物时。如：Sally is talking about the writer and his book that interests her. 萨丽在谈论这位作家及 能使她感兴趣的这位作家的书。5. 当主语是 who 的疑问句。如：Who is the boy that is playing computer games? 在玩电脑游戏的男孩是谁？二）当先行词指物时，只能用which而不能用that的场合1. 关系代词前有介词时。如：This is the hou
13、se in which Tom once lived. 这是汤姆曾经住过的房子。2. 在非限定性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉逗号，整个句子仍能表达 完整的意义的定语从句）中。如：They are talking about the TV play, which they saw last night. 他们正在谈论昨晚看的 电视剧。三、whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰它后面的名词。如：Do you know the girl whose name is Lily? 你认识名叫莉莉的女孩吗？四、当引导词在句中作状语时，应用适当的关系副词。表示时间用whe n,表示地点用 wher
14、e，表示原因用why。但这些关系副词通常可转换成“介词+关系代词”形式。如： The hotel where/at which the visitors are staying is very expensive. 这些参观者呆的旅馆 很贵。2008 年中考定语从句真题精选1. Do you know the scientist gave us a talk just now? （天津市）A. who B. whom C. which D. whose2. This is the dictionary Mum gave me for my birthday. （河北省）A. which B.
15、whatC. whose D. whom3. Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both athome and abroad. （河南省）A. where B. which C. who D. what4. Do you know the girl is standing under the tree?She is my little sister. （福州市）A. who B. whom C. whose D. which5. This is the question we are talking about now. （吉林省）A. that B. who C. where D. when6. What are you looking for?I am looking for the book I bought yesterday. （长沙市）A. who B. which C. whose7. Jack, there is someone in the office would like to speak with you. （厦门市）A. who B. which C. whom8
