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1、更多内容尽在 http:/ World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第六篇 Waving With Light*第三十四篇 Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十八篇 Longer Lives for Wild Elephants+第四十五篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others+第四十六篇 Marvelous Metamaterials注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、2011年词汇部分与2010年教
2、材相比未作任何变化。第二篇World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil, scientists in Kuwait predict that world conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014. This prediction is almost a decade earlier than some other predictions
3、Their study is in ACS EnergyFuels1 Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting peak oilPeak oil is the point where oil production reaches a maximum and then declines. Scientists have developed several models to for
4、ecast this point, and some put the date at 2020 or later. One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model2. It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve3. A related concept is that4 of Peak Oil. The term Peal Oil indicates the moment in which world wide pr
5、oduction Will peak, afterwards to start on irreversible decline The Hubbert model accurately predicted that oil production would peak in the United States in 1970. The model has since gained in popularity and has been used to forecast oil production worldwide However, recent studies show that the mo
6、del is insufficient to account for5 more complex oil production cycles of some countriesThose cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes, politics, and other factors, the scientists say. The new study describes development of a new version of the Hubbert model that provides a more realis
7、tic and accurate oil production forecastUsing the new model, the scientists evaluated the oil production trends of 47 major oil-producing countries, which supply most of the worlds conventional crude oil6 They estimated that worldwide conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014, years earlie
8、r than anticipated. The scientists also showed that the worlds oil reserves7 arebeing reduced at a rate of 2.1 percent a year. The new model could help inform energy-related decisions and public policy debate, they suggest.词汇：Conserve v 保护，保存crude oil原油spark v闪耀；激发；鼓舞curve n曲线irreversible adj不可逆的，不可
9、改变的insufficient adj.充分的，不足的注释：1ACS Energy & Fuels：ACS是American Chemical Society(美国化学学会)的缩写。该学会成立于l876年，现已成为世界最大的科技协会。多年来，ACS一直致力于为全球化学研究机构、企业及个人提供高品质的文献资讯及服务。ACS出版的期刊有34种，这些期刊在化学领域中是被引用次数最多的化学期刊，EnergyFuels即是其中一本。2the Hubbert model：赫伯特模型是美国地质学家MKing Hubbert于1956年创建的，这是一个随时间增长的模型，Hubbert将其引入油气田开发，经推导
10、使其成为一个可以预测油气田累积产量、瞬时产量、年产量和可采储量等多项开发指标的多功能预测模型。3a bell shaped curve：钟形曲线4that of peak oil：that指代concept。5account for：说明，解释6conventional crude oil：常规原油7oil reserves：石油储量。通常使用复数形式reserves。练习：1Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word sparked appearing in paragraph 2?AflashedBstimulatedC
11、changedDended2The term a bell shaped curve appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production willAtake the shape of a flat curveBkeep growingCkeep decliningDstart to decline after global oil production peaks3Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?AIt successfully predict
12、ed that oil production peaked in the USin l 970BIt has been used to predict oil production in many countriesCIt is insufficient to explain oil production cycles in some countriesDIt provides a very realistic and accurate oil production4What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the
13、last paragraph?AIt predicts global oil production will peak in 2014BIt predicts oil production will decline in 47 countriesCIt confirms further the effectiveness of the Hubbert modelDIt discovers a new trend of Worldwide oil production5Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model?AAmerican scien
14、tistsBKuwaiti scientistsCBritish scientistsDScientists of 47 major oil-producing countries答案与题解：1B spark一词做及物动词使用时有发动、激发的意思，在此意为stimulated，即引发，这个句子的意思是：全球石油消费的快速增长已引发了对石油峰值预测的兴趣。2D此句接下来的句子中所提到的a related concept即是与a bell shaped curve相关的概念，也就是说，接下来的这个句子对a bell shaped curve做了解释，即世界石油生产达到最大峰值后将下降。3D 文章的
15、第三段告诉我们，Hubbert预测模型精确地预测到美国石油生产于1970年将达到峰值。这一模型自受到公认后，已用于预测世界石油生产。第四段说，这一模型对于某些国家更加复杂的石油生产周期而言，其计算尚不充分。这些生产周期受到技术的改变、政策和其他因素的很大影响。所以，A、B和C都是对Hubbert模型的正确说明。4A选项8、C和D所述内容均未在文章中提到。最后一段告诉我们，科学家使用新的模型评估了47个主要的产油国家的石油生产趋势，并预计全球常规原油生产到2014年将达最高峰值。所以，A是答案。5B 短文第一段的第一个句子提供了答案。第六篇Waving With Light In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico1, the native Huichol people2 live much the way their ancestors did-without electricity. Thats because its too expensi
