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1、建筑学毕业设计文献翻译 大学建筑工程学院2012年5月外籍文献Ventilation of Sustainable SchoolsBetter than Traditional SchoolsW Zeiler G BoxemSUMMARYDuring the last decades in the United Kingdom several educational buildings were built with a strong environmental ethos real icons of a new generation of low-energy sustainable bui
2、ldings In some of the buildings post occupancy evaluations were held and buildings performance was revealed Also in the Netherlands during the last years several new concepts were developed for sustainable schools This is an interesting topic as many of those schools had problems concerning energy e
3、fficiency indoor air quality and thermal comfort In the case of sustainable schools much effort went into the design process of the schools to try to find better solutions to face the problems of the traditional designs This resulted in different solution concepts which raises the question which are
4、 better school concepts From literature three evaluations from the UK and one overview of 5 sustainable educational buildings from the Netherlands are given which show that sustainable educational buildings are not always without flaws In the paper two of the first Dutch sustainable elementary schoo
5、ls are compared with 9 more traditional schools of the Netherlands to conclude whether the sustainable schools perform better than traditional schoolsINTRODUCTIONPresently sustainability becomes a necessity as effects of Global warming become more clearly It is important to start early with the educ
6、ational aspects of the necessary change in behavior and thinking sustainable schools could play an important role The whole concept of a sustainable school building is based on principles of sustainable development which deal with the limited availability of natural resources the interdependence wit
7、h nature the fundamentals aspects of interdependence with nature the fundamentals aspects of production and consumption and the issue of equity within between and among generations 1As the icon of a new generation of sustainable educational buildings which was completed in late 1993 the Queens Build
8、ing at De Montfort University Leicester gained a reputation with its startling architecture in particular the distinctive ventilation chimneys 2 see Figure 1 The Queens Building was seen as the first in a new generation of lowenergy naturally ventilated sustainable buildings Architect Short Ford Ass
9、ociates worked on the building design alongside environmental engineer Fordham LLP Cambridge rchitectural Research on the stack-effect chimneys and Bristol University on the physics of the airflow The 10000 m2 building is L-shaped containing a complex arrangement of laboratories classrooms and offic
10、es The structure is almost exclusively naturally ventilated 2A detailed picture of the buildings performance was revealed in 1996 when a post-occupancy evaluation was carried out as part of the PROBE Post-occupancy Review of Buildings and their Engineering project The assessment revealed a number of
11、 key shortcomings Unresolved defects meant that for the first two years the building operated with problems in critical mechanical and control systems 2 PROBE researchers found that the buildings design seemed to be effective at maintaining a comfortable environmentalthough the survey of its occupan
12、ts conducted by Building Use Studies BUS showed dissatisfaction with high summertime temperatures and stuffiness in both winter and summer months 2A revisit during early August 2006 revealed that some parts of the building have changed dramatically since the PROBE assessment while others are much as
13、 they were when it took place During the revisit an occupant survey was held and forty-five questionnaires were completed compared with 75 in 1996 In general terms satisfaction with temperatures in both summer and winter is the same although occupants perceive the air in winter to be better Levels o
14、f satisfaction are very dependent on location For example the relatively high satisfaction rate for the refurbished offices is not matched by users in the new laboratories In 1995 Hampshire County Council Architect Sir Colin Stansfield-Smith designed a imaginative low energy educational building for
15、 Portsmouth University employing several environmental systems and ventilation strategies designed to liver comfortable conditions and be of didactic value to the students Externally the building is a white-painted rendered fortress 3 see Figure 2 Internally it is light and bright with white painted
16、 walls windows and steelwork complete with simple but good finishes Five stair towers around the buildings periphery act as natural ventilation air exhaust paths for the classrooms studios and staff offices with the exception of those on the top floor The Portland Building was also investigated by the PROBE Team 3Questionnaires by 46 staff rated the building well as an all-rounder coming just within the top
