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1、word定语从句一-关系代词的用法一定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who， whom和whose，关系副词包括where， when， why等。三、关系代词的用法关系代词指代人还是物在从句中的成分That人和物主语和宾语Which物主语和宾语Who人主语和宾语Whom人宾语Whose人和物定
2、语局部特殊先行词的关系词选择先行词在从句中的作用或成分关系词时间时间状语When= in/on/during/at+ which主语/宾语That/which地点场合地点状语Where=in/on/at + which主语/宾语That/whichReason原因状语Why=for which(非限制性定语从句只能用for which)主语/宾语That/whichWay方式状语That/in which/省略主语/宾语That/whichPoint,situation, condition,stage,case地点状语Where=in which主语/宾语That/whichMary lik
3、es music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。that作主语The coat that I put on the desk is blue.that作宾语2.whichThe building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 作主语The film which we saw last night was wonderful. 作宾语3.who指人在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The boys who are playing football are
4、from Class One.翻译：4.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。例如：Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.翻译：5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin. (3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwill
5、soonberepaired. (5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow? (6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow? 2. 关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时；例如：Is t
6、here anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么要买的东西吗？c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时；例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人和物时；例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e. 以who或w
7、hich引导的特殊疑问句，为防止重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？1. Do you know the man who is talking with our teacher?先行词是，关系代词是，指人/物，在定语从句中作语。2. This is the doctor whom I saw yesterday.先行词是，关系代词是，指人/物，在定语从句中作语。3. Do you like the book whose color is blue?先行词是，关系代词是，指人/物，在定语从句中作语。4. Ive lo
8、st the pen which I like best.先行词是，关系代词是，指人/物，在定语从句中作语。5. The person that telephoned me is a reporter先行词是，关系代词是，指人/物，在定语从句中作语。做题思路：1、首先要分清主句与从句；2、然后找出先行词3、分析从句中缺少什么成分；4、再看先行词指人，还是指物；5、在此根底上，选定恰当的关系代词。1.The man _ is standing there is my father.A. who B. whom C. which2. The girl _coat is red is waiting
9、 at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that of which.3.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in whichD. when4. Who was the man _ spoke to you just now?A.who B. whom C. that 5. It is the best film _ she has ever seen.A. that B. which C. when 6.China is a country _ has a long history. A.
10、who B. which C. where 7. The boy _ I talked with just now is my best friend. A. who B. which C. where8. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are verypopular with the young. A. whose B. that C. who D. which9.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. w
11、hat10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which填上适合的关系代词并指出在句子中作什么成分。1.The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.2.This is the bookyou want.3. I once lived in a housewindow was broken.4. The first thing _you must do is to ha
12、ve a meal.5. The house _we live in is very old.6. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？7. Im waiting for the woman withyou talked just now.8. The town inhe lives is far from here.9 This is the biggest building _we have ever built in our school.10. This is the second school _I used to work a
13、t, and many students there still have contact with me.定语从句二-关系副词的用法一概述定语从句中的关系副词是where ，when 和why，1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语eg. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语eg. Shanghai is the city where I was born.3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语eg. Please tell me the reason why
14、 you are late.其中why 的用法比拟固定，通常先行词必须是the reason， when 和where的用法要求有两点，第一，先行词分别表示时间和地点，第二，一定要在从句中作状语，否如此即使先行词是指时间地点的也不能用when 和where。二关系副词=介词+关系代词关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词引导的从句替换why=for whichwhere=in/at whichwhen=in/on/during which：1. The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.翻译：2.I dont know the year when/in which he went to school.翻译：3. Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.翻译：三. 判断关系代词与关系副词的区分：方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不与物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词
