语法资料非谓语动词

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1、非谓语/非限定动词所谓非谓语动词,是指不能作谓语的动词,也不受主语人称和数的限制,但具有动词的某些 特征。它不仅可以接宾语,而且还有时态和语态的变化。此外它可以做主语、表语、宾语、 宾补、定语、状语和同位语。近年来的专业四级英语试题对非谓语动词的用法特别青睐,频 频对其进行考查。不定式时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done动名词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done分词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having do

2、nehaving been done / done否定形式:not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词动词不定式: 一:直接接动词不定式做宾语的动词。这一类动词往往表示请求、要求、选择、决定、打算、企图等。女口: attempt企图,afford 负担得起(重点词),demand要求,long渴望,destine注定,mean意欲,打算,expect期 望, appear 似乎,显得, determine 决定, manage 设法, pretend 假装, agree 同意, desire 愿 望, swear 宣誓, volunteer 志愿, wish 希望, endea

3、vor 努力, offer 提供, beg 请求, fail 不 能, plan 计划, prefer 喜欢,宁愿, happen 碰巧, prepare 准备, decide 决定, learn 学习, regret 抱歉,遗憾, hesitate 犹豫, claim 要求, promise 承诺,允许, undertake 承担, consent 同意, 赞同intend想要,refuse拒绝incline有倾向,propose提议。 例如: I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度访问此地。I hesitate to spend so much m

4、oney on the clothes. 我对要花那么多钱买衣服犹豫不决。 My parents have consented to buy me a new electronic dictionary. 我父母同意给我买个新的电 子词典了。* 注意不定式的完成与进行时态及被动用法 :例如: He pretended to be waiting for someone. 他假装着正等人。 She was said to have been rich. 据说她曾经富有过。The building was reported to have been constructed. 据报道这座大楼已经建造

5、好了。二:在以下情况下常使用不带(或省略)to的动词不定式:1 感官动词后面: feel, listen, hear , see, watch, observe1 saw a man enter the shop. 试比较: I saw him singing when I passed by.2 个别表示使役意义的动词,如: have, let, makeThe teacher has/makes/lets us write a composition every week.上述感觉动词或使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:The boy was made to go t

6、o bed early.3 一些情态动词:had better, would rather do Athan do B (宁可.而不愿.),may as well (最 好),can not (help) but (不得不.)等句型,后接省to不定式。He cannot (help) but agree with his daughter. 他不得不同意他女儿。 We might as well put up here for tonight. 我们最好还是在这里过夜。4主语从句及介词but, except, besides+to do(do),如从句里或介词前有动词do,后面应接不 带 to

7、 的不定式;如无 do ,则接 to 不定式,如:The enemy soldiers had no choice but to surrender. 敌军没有选择只好投降。On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.What I have to do is take a rest.三:有些动词后一般跟“疑问词+动词不定式作宾语,如:consider, discuss, explain , know, show, teach, understand, wonder, ask, find out 等。I asked him wheth

8、er to leave or to stay. 我问他要离开还是呆在这。(此句中的 whether 不可 用 if 替换)Please tell me how to answer the question.四:不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+不定式。例如:I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他一个人干这活是不可能的。(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:It was wise of him to do that .他那样做是明智的。动名词:一 直接接动名词做宾语的动词

9、。acknowledge 承认,cease 停止,mention 说至U, admit 承认,tolerate 忍受,dislike 不喜欢, advocate 提倡,complete 完成,appreciate 感激,confess 坦白,endure 忍受,avoid 避免,enjoy 喜爱,bear 忍受,envy 嫉妒,delay 延迟,escape 逃跑,cant stand 受不了,deny 否认,excuse 借口, consider 考虑, fancy 幻想, favor 偏爱, mind 介意, miss 错过, resent 怨恨, finish 完成,pardon 原谅,

10、resist 抵抗,forgive 原谅,permit 允许,imagine 设想,postpone 延迟, risk 冒险, practise 实践, suggest 建议, hate 讨厌, prevent 阻止, quit 放弃, recall 回想 I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 我很感激两年前 给我出国学习的机会。Forbid smoking. 禁止吸烟。He dislikes being interrupted in his speech. 他不喜欢讲话的时候

11、被打岔。We have to postpone sending our answer to the request. 我们不得不暂缓寄出对申请书的答复。 The boy admitted stealing the book. 这个男孩承认偷了这本书。二 在下列 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句型中,用动名词作逻辑主语或逻辑宾语。It is no use(no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time 等名词) + doing sth.It is good ( nice, interesting, useless 等形容词) + doing sth.;Th

12、ere is no point ( use, sense, good 等名词) + doing sth.Its no use crying over spilt milk. 后悔没有用。It is good playing chess after supper .晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is a waste of time trying to explain. 设法解释是浪费时间。There is no point in my going out to date someone. 现在让我出去和别人拍拖没有用。There is no use crying over spilt milk .牛奶洒

13、了,哭也无用。三 在 need, require, want, worth (形容词)等词后面接动名词形式表示被动的意思,即用主 动形式表示被动意义。如果接不定式,必须用不定式的被动形式。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。This problem requires studying with great care .这个问题需要仔细研究。The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。四 下列短语中 to 为介词,后面只能接动名词或名词。 (注意:专业四级英语考试对 to 的考点主要是介词,而非不定式原形)look forward to (

14、渴望),take to(渐渐喜欢),get down to (着手干),be opposed to (反对),live up to, be devoted to (致力于)Nurses are devoted to caring the sick. 护士致力于病人的护理事业。We are looking forward to seeing you again 我盼着再见到你。get down to ones work 静下心来工作五 下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词,但表示的意义不同。不定式一般表示事情尚 未发生;而动名词则表示事情已经发生于这些动词之前。这些动词有:1)forget to

15、do忘记要做某事(此事未做)forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做) remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)4)regret to do 对要做的事遗憾 regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔5) try to do 努力、企图做某事try doing 试验、试一试某种办法6)mean to do 打算,有意要.mean doing 意味着7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)8) propose to do 打算(要做某事)propose doing 建议(做某事)Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?You must remember to leave tomorrow 你可要记着是明天动身。I dont regret telling her what I thought 我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)I regret to tell you that you fai

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