考点 19 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句高考频度：★★★★★考向一非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明，删去非限制性定语从句，主句的意 思仍是概念清晰、结构完整的非限制性定语从句的引导词有Who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where 等，that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，从句之前要用逗号先行词指人，则用who, whose, which等；先行词指物，要用which；先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用vhen或者where引导 一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况：1. 关系代词指代整个主句时,使用非限制性定语从句町You did a lot for me, for which I was gratefu 1你为我做了许多，对此我很感激町 The Diaoyu Island belongs to China, as is known to us 众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国町A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈 夫,这令我十分恐惧。
2. 当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名地名等专有名词时,使用非限制性定语从句町 China, which is my motherland, is developing fast .中国是我的祖国，正在快速发展町 Eason, who was a pop star, got married last year 伊森去年结婚了，他是明星町 Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held .他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要 在那里举行3. 当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属（on, daughter等）时，使用非限制性定语从句町He has a daughter, who is studying in London他有个女儿，现在正在伦敦学习只有一个女儿）町This is my teacher, who has something to tell you这是我的老师，他有一些事情要告诉你二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1. 形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句与主句之 间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。
2. 功能不同 限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不 清；而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整町People who take physical exercise live longer.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些若把从句去掉句子就失去意 义）町 His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week他 女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来若把 从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整）3. 翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限制性定语从句与主 句分开町He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人町I've invited Jim, who lives in the next flat .我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁4. 含义不同比较下面的两个句子：町I have a sister who is a doctor.我有一个医生的姐姐姐姐不止一个）町I have a sister, who is a doctor .我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。
只有一个姐姐）5. 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可 以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语 从句，而不用限制性定语从句町Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危险的which 指 drive too fast）町He changed his mind, which made me very angry他改变了主意，这使我很生气which指整个主句）町Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰）町 Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad .她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰）6. 关系词不同关系词 that 和 why 可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句 中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。
1. （2020 •天津卷•单项填空）7. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, he gaveit to his grandson.A. which B. when C. where D. who【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到 20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s,在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导2. （2019 新课标II卷语法填空）Iow Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield_62_ she opened with her late husband Les.【参考答案】 where【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened —词的宾语，故用which2.（2018・北京卷•单项填空）She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【参考答案】 A 【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。
句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康 “ helpsthem keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词 which引导A选项正确考向二as, which引导的定语从句一、相同点两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表 语，位于主句之后有时可互换町 The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted. 会议被推迟了，这正是我们想要的町He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.他是一名医生，我是从他的举止中知道的二、不同点1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后町As is known to all, fish can't live without water.众所周知，鱼离开水无法生存町Air, as we know, is gas.正如我们所知，空气是气体2. 在非限制性定语从句中，which后的be动词不可省；而as后的be动词可以省略。
町She told me she won the match, which was a lie.她告诉我们她赢得了比赛，这是一个谎言町The material is elastic, as （was） shown in the figure.这种材料是有弹性的，正如图中所示3. which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语；而as作主语时，谓语常用系动词，如 be， seem， become 等，一般不用其他行为动词町He saw the girl, which delighted him.他看见了那个女孩，这让他很高兴町 He didn't say anything at the meeting, as/which seemed very strange. 他在会议上一言未发，这看起来 非常奇怪4. as常用"正如"含义，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那样）； as is often the case （情况常常如此）;as we all can see （正如我们看到的）;be announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。
这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末町As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家町Kate was late for school, as often happened.凯特上学迟到了，正如常发生的那样5. 在非限制性定语从句中，which可指代主句中的某一个单词，as不可以町My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.我哥哥喜欢打篮球，他打得非常好町Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital.北京，他出生的地方，是我们的首都6. ”介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中关系代词只能用whichThe Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches. 那家与我们交易了好几年的旅行社又开了新的分店町 Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent. 空气是一种气体的综合体，其中氧气占了 21%。
7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用whicho町He can write a letter in English, which I can not.他可以用英语写信，我不能町 Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not. 金属能承受得住用锤子敲打，但是石头 则不能8. 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which町He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue.他说他通过了考试，这是假的1. The number of smokers， is repo。