《英语现在完成时语法详细讲解与配套习题》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语现在完成时语法详细讲解与配套习题(9页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、6英语现在完成时语法详细讲解与配套习题 8B Unit 1 Past and present Grammar 现在完成时 一、现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样,在动词词尾加ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表,需要同学记忆。 现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句, 否定句和疑问句列表如下: 肯定句:I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film.
2、否定句:I/You/We/They have not/ havent seen the film. He/ She/It has not/hasnt seen the film. 疑问句:Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they havent. Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasnt. 二、用法:现在完成时既涉及过去,又联系现在。用法一:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的
3、影响或结果。常与just(刚刚),already(已经),never(从来没有),ever(曾经),before(以前),yet(仍然),once(一次),twice(两次),many times(很多次),how many times(多少次),so far(迄今为止),during the past(last)three years(最近三年来)等连用。 副词的位置:just常用于肯定句中,放在have / has后,He has just come . never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. ever用
4、于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has主语ever 过去分词?“曾经过吗?”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm? before用于句末,The woman has never heard of that before. yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it. so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon
5、. 用法二:表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有: for表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。 since表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986. since表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born. since一段时间ago. I have known him since 20 years ago. 三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语(for,since,how long, all ones life)连用的动
6、词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词,即延续性动词。如:be,have,know,live,work,study,learn,teach,keep,speak,talk,draw,wait,wear,walk,sleep,drive,write,do,clean等。 I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here? 四、延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在”在内的(到说话时仍未结束)表示一段时间的状语连用。如this morning,today,this week,these days He has be
7、en to Beijing three times this year. He has written two letters this morning.(说话时间在上午)He wrote two letters this morning.(说话时间在下午或晚上)、英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”,常见的有:come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear,close,open,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,get up,become,borrow,lend,
8、find,finish,receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时,说明某个动作的结果还存在,但不能和表示一段时间的状语(how long,for,since)连用。He has come back.()He has come back for two hours.() 但在否定句中,非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰,如 I havent heard from my father for a long time. We havent seen him since 1999. 六、当终止性动词(非延续性动词)与表示一段时间的状语(how long,since,for, all ones
9、 life)相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种: (1)用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时. He has come back for two weeks.(错)改为:He came back two weeks ago.(正) I have lost my bike for ten days. (错)改为:I lost my bike ten days ago. (正) (2)用“It is / has been时间since一般过去时态”句型来改写。 He has joined the League for 3 years. (错)It is 3 years since he j
10、oined the League. I have bought the book for 5 days. (错)It is 5 days since I bought the book. (正) He has died for 20 years. (错)It is 20 years since he died. (正) (3)用“时间has passedsince一般过去时态”句型来改写。 He has left home for 20 years. 改为:Twenty years has passed since he left home. He has lost his pen for 2
11、 days. 改为:Two days has passed since he lost his pen. (4)用系表结构来改写. He has died for 20 years. 改为: He has been dead for 20 years. The factory has opened since 1999. 改为:The factory has been open since 1999. How long has he left? 改为:How long has he been away? (5)用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。 He has bought the book
12、for two weeks. 改为:He has had the book for two weeks. 常见的相应转换形式如下: borrow / lendkeep, buyhave, finish / endbe over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there, begin / startbe on , openbe open , closebe closed, diebe dead , leavebe away(from), go to schoolbe in school / be
13、a student, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep , fall illbe ill, get to knowknow, losebe lost, becomebe, return / come back / get backbe back, joinbe in / be amember, join the armybe in the army /be a soldier, receive / get a letterhave a letter , catch / get a coldhave a cold, begin to studystudy, 他参
14、军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.(错)改为: He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago. He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago. He joined the army three years ago. It is three years since he joined the army. Three years has passed since he joined t
15、he army. (1)He came to our village two years ago.=He our village since two years ago. (2)He left home three days ago= He home for 3 days. (3)I bought the watch 2 weeks ago= I the watch since 2 weeks ago. (4)It is 5 days since I borrowed the book= I the book for 5 days. (5)The film has begun= The film for half an hour. (6)I got to know him 10 years ago= I him for 10 years. (7)There is a factory= There a factory for 2