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1、委婉语在交际中的社会价值研究A Survey of the Social Value of Euphemism in CommunicationContents Abstract.1Key words.1I. Introduction.2II. Definitions of Euphemism.2III. Application of Euphemism.31. Words to promote professional status.3 2. Words to replace taboo.4 3. Words to refrain from discrimination.5 4. Words
2、 to be used in the circle of education.55. Words to eliminate vulgarness.56. Military words to conceal defeat and invasion nature.5IV. Euphemism and Culture.61. Language and euphemism.6 2. Culture and euphemism.6V. The Principles for Using Euphemisms.81. Cooperative principle.82. Politeness principl
3、e93. Self-defending principle.9VI. The Purpose of Using Euphemism91. Ineffable purpose.92. Urbanization purpose.103. Palliative purpose.10VII. Conclusion11References11A Survey of the Social Value of Euphemism in CommunicationA Survey of the Social Value of Euphemism in CommunicationAbstract: Languag
4、e is the symbol of culture, while culture is the track of language . The culture of a nation can be reflected in its language. Consequently, we say euphemism is a mirror of social life . However, the phatic communion is one of the six important language functions. From the above reason, it is easy t
5、o find that euphemism plays an important role. When conducting the social communications, according to the polite principle, people always use some implicit, elegant and mild expressions to replace those that are harsh, violent to help them to overcome the psychological obstacles and avoid the unple
6、asant associations. Therefore the study of euphemism and taboo has a very obvious social significance.Key words: euphemism; social value; communication摘 要：语言是文化的标志，文化中彰显着语言的痕迹。一个民族的文化能够在其语言中得到很好的体现。与此，我们可以把这一重要语言现象委婉语看作社会生活的一面镜子。再次，寒暄功能是语言六大功能的一种。于是不难发现委婉语扮演着一个重要的角色。在社会交际中，按照语用学中的礼貌原则，人们往往用一些隐讳、优雅和谐
7、的表达方式来代替那些严酷粗鲁的表达，以求得解决心理交往的障碍和避免尴尬，由此可见委婉语的研究有重要的社会意义。关键词: 委婉语； 社会价值； 交际I. Introduction Language communication is the most important means by which people maintain their social relationship. During their communication, people will inevitably encounter unpleasant situations. Using direct and definit
8、e language to talk about unpleasantness will undoubtedly displease both sides and possibly affect their relationship. Under such conditions, the use of euphemism may be the best way. Consequently, people always use some implicit, elegant and mild expressions to replace those ones that are harsh and
9、violent to help them cope with the embarrassment. As Enright (1985:113) points out, without euphemism, the rotation of the world would have stopped with rubbing and would have been flooded with feud. Politeness plays a very important role in social interaction and conversation. In other words, “face
10、 saving” must be taken into account to keep communication going. Everyone needs to keep face in communication. Such “mutual selfinterest requires that conversational participants maintain both their own face and their integrators face. But many verbal interactions are potential threats to face” (Che
11、n Yuan, 1999).As an indispensable and natural part of language, euphemism has been arousing wide interest. Many linguists and scholars have studied this linguistic phenomenon from the perspectives of rhetoric, semantics, pragmatics and sociolinguists. As a result, achievements in the study of euphem
12、ism have been conspicuous. Thus, on the basis of others researches, this thesis attempts to do a comprehensive analysis of English euphemisms and Chinese euphemisms by comparatively analyzing their linguistic and cultural characteristics. In the end, the author hopes that this thesis can help the re
13、aders to have a good understanding of the social function of euphemism.II. Definitions of EuphemismEuphemism is a widely and frequently used figure of speech. As a hot research issue in the field of linguistics, it needs a concise and definite criterion to judge the scope of euphemism. Western lingu
14、ists think the word “euphemism” comes from the Greek “eu” ( meaning “good”) and “pheme” (meaning “speech” or “saying”), and thus it literally means “to speak with good words”. Later on, euphemism is defined differently and more precisely. Some of the definitions are listed below:1. That figure of speech which consists in the substitution of a word or expression of comparatively favorable implication or less unpleasant associatio
