社会科学中进化思想的精华－一个资料目录

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2、inism and Neo-Darwinism II. Evolutionism III. Evolutionary Theory IV. Evolutionary Epistemology V. Evolutionary Social Science and Learning VI. Cultural Evolution VII. Evolutionary Economics VIII. Evolutionary World Politics IX. Simulation X. Sciences of Complexity Bibliographical Aids Glossary of T

3、erms IntroductionThis is the second, revised and expanded edition of an annotated bibliography on evolutionary thought in the social sciences. It builds upon the material that appeared in the report on the 1994 workshop Evolutionary Paradigms in the Social Sciences and now features a new thematic ar

4、rangement, and a basically chronological order for entries under each main theme. An effort is also made to keep the list up-to-date.The chief purpose in compiling this bibliography is to present, within the limit of about 100 entries, the major works and the significant advances in this large and s

5、omewhat inchoate field. The aim is to provide an introduction to those first entering the field, such as graduate students and others new to it, so that they might orient themselves to the major divisions of that field. Attention is directed to the classics, and to more recent contributions, with pr

6、eference given to book-length and expository treatments. It is not intended to be an exhaustive bibliography of the several subfields but it does aim at touching on the most important themes. No effort is made to cover developments in evolutionary biology or evolutionary cosmology.The major portion

7、of the annotations are being carried over from the first edition, and most have been contributed by Corina Herron Linden. Most of the additional entries are by David Wallerstein.July 1995I. Darwinism and Neo-DarwinismDarwin, Charles (1859) The Origin of The Species by Means of Natural Selection or t

8、he preservation of favored Races in the Struggle for Life London: Murray This classic work argues the common descent of all life on earth and the generation of new species through the process of natural selection. Abundant reproduction and genetic variation characterize each generation. Individuals

9、wit h the best-adapted combination of inheritable characteristics survive and provide the basis for the next generation. Multiplication of species is the result of the splintering into daughter species or the establishment of geographically isolated founder populations that evolve into new species.

10、Hofstadter, Richard (1944, revised edition: 1955) Social Darwinism in American Thought Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania PressThe standard critique of social Darwinism in American thought until the 1890s. Discusses the works of Spencer, William Graham Sumner and Lester Ward and the easy to ex

11、aggerate use of natural selection as vindication of militarism or imperialism.Huxley, Julian S., ed. (1963) Evolution: The Modern Synthesis, New York: Hafner PressGives an in-depth account of the concepts of natural selection and evolutionary progress and their relationship to each other. Relates th

12、e evolutionary trends and processes observed in nature to the theoretical findings of genetics and systematics.Parsons, Talcott (1966) Societies: Evolutionary and Comparative Perspectives, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Presents theory of social evolution, characterized by stages (primi

13、tive, intermediate and modern), wherein the more advanced societies display greater generalized adaptive capacity. Argues that there was not one single origin of al l intermediate societies, but multiple origins: patterns can be diffused (adopted) from society to society. Two types of societies exis

14、t which are not characterized by evolutionary advancement: those which are selected against (and thereby eliminated) an d those which find niches which permit them to endure in their primitive state. Specifically examines primitive through intermediate societies and intermediate empires.Waddington,

15、C. H. (1975) The Evolution of an Evolutionist, Ithica, New York: Cornell University PressAdds to general philosophy of evolution an emphasis on the importance of learning, adaptation and a clearer distinction between genotypes and phenotypes, and the relationship between them. Addresses specifically

16、 the importance and existence of genetic assimilation, or the conversion of an acquired character into one not dependent for its appearance on any particular environmental stimulus.Stanley, Steven M (1981) The New Evolutionary Timetable: Fossils, Genes and the Origin of the Species, New York: Basic BooksPresents argumen

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