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1、.法律翻译过程中的常见问题一、拼写或识词错误书写或识别英文词汇时，将单词拼错，或将外形相近的词汇混淆。1. defendant ( 被告 ), respondent ( 答辩人， 被告 ), dependent (附属的，受抚 / 赡养的；受抚 / 赡养人 )对当事人双方的诉讼标的，第三人认为有独立请求权的，有权提起诉讼。译文： A third party who deems himself entitled to an independent claim with regard to the subject matter of both parties has the right to in
2、itiate an action.2. causal ( 原因的，有关因果的 ) casual( 偶然的，临时的，随便的 )在被告过失与原告所受伤害之间，肯定有一个因果关系。译文：There must be a causal connection between the defendant s negligence andthe plaintiff s injury.a casual meeting，巧遇； a casual visitor,不速之客； casual expenses，临时费用； acasual remark，随口的插话3. council (n.理事会，联席会，商谈会 ) c
3、ounsel (n. 协商，忠告；法律顾问，律师v. 劝告，协商 )the State Council（中国的）国务院The accused enjoys the right to the Assistance of Counsel for hisdefence . 被告人有权获得律师帮助为其辩护。4. effect (vt.实现，使生效；招致) affect (vt.影响，感动，侵袭，假装)履行地点不明确，给付货币的， 在接受给付一方的所在地履行，其他标的在履行义务一方的所在地履行。译文： If the place of performance is unclear, and the pay
4、ment is money, theperformance shall beeffectedat the place of residence of the party receiving thepayment; if the payment is other than money, the performance shall beeffectedatthe place of residence of the party fulfilling the obligation.二、语法错误1. On June 4, 2012, a 29-year-old Canadian porn actor s
5、uspected with killingand dismembering (肢解 ) a Chinese student in Montreal, Canada, was arrested inBerlin, local police authorities confirmed.当地警方证实，2012年 6 月 4 日，涉嫌在加拿大蒙特利尔杀害并肢解一名中国留学生的一名29 岁加拿大色情男演员在柏林被捕。修改要点： with of 。suspect sb. of doing sth.怀疑某人做人事。2. 任何国家机关、社会团体和个人不得强制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧视信仰宗教的公民和
6、不信仰宗教的公民。No state organ, public organization andindividual may compel citizens to believe in, or not to believe in, any religion; normay they discriminate citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion.修改要点： and or; discriminate discriminate against (discriminate v.区分；差别对待 between A and
7、 B, from A and B; against歧视 ; in favor of优待 )3. 明知自己的行为会发生危害社会的结果，并且希望或者放任这种结果发生，因而构成犯罪的，是故意犯罪。 An intentional crime refers to an act committed by a person可编辑.who clearly knows that his act will cause social dangerous consequences but who hopes or allows such consequences to occur, thus constituting
8、 a crime.修改要点 ： social socially; hopes wishes三、术语错误1. 对当事人双方的诉讼标的， 第三人认为有独立请求权的， 有权提起诉讼。 A third party who deems himself entitled to an independent request with regard to the subjectmatter of both parties has the right to bring a prosecution.修改要点： request claim; bring a prosecution (控刑诉事方诉，讼公；诉方) in
9、itiatean action 。2. 人民法院有权要求当事人提供或补充证据。The People s Court shall have theright to request the parties to provide or supplement evidence.修改要点： shall have has ； right authority (authority,凭职位而享有的、可对他人行使的“权力”； right，个人的“权利”；power, 个人享有的、法律赋予的某种“权力” ); request irequ。其他术语正误对照：术 语正确译文错误译文评 注犯罪行为criminal ac
10、tcriminal actioncriminal action刑事诉讼民法通则General Civil Lawgeneral principles of民法通则实属民法范the civil law畴，并非仅为民法的原则，也有具体实体权利等的规定民事权利rights in civil matters; civil-lawcivil rightscivil rights“民权”rights民事行为civil actcivil conductcivil conduct可表“文明行为”法律规定的provided by lawstipulated by lawstipulated用于合同的“规定”返还
11、财产restitutionrestitution ofrestitution本身意为property“返还财产”追究刑事责任be prosecuted criminallycriminalinvestigate难尽“追responsibility be究”之含义investigated民事法律行为juristic actcivil juristic actjuristic act本身为民法概念过错方the party at faultthe erring partyerring 出差错，不同于“有过错”知识产权intellectual propertyintellectual property
12、rights 多余rights可编辑.法制国家state under the rule oflawlegal statelegal state易生歧义法制教育education in legality (legality,法 education of the法制教育并非“法律制律性，合法性问题 )legal system; legal度教育”，也非“法学education教育” (legaleducation)实施细则rules for implementationimplementationimplementationrulesrules 说法不够地道无因管理management witho
13、ut mandatemanagementmandate n.指令，授without reasons权劳资纠纷industrial dispute;labor disputelabor 可表“劳工，劳labor-management dispute方”， labor dispute暗含“劳方挑起纠纷”，有歧视劳方之嫌临终遗嘱deathbed will/testamentlast willlast will意为“最终的(deathbed a.临终所作的 n. 临终床，遗嘱”临终时间；on onedeathbeds临终时 )亲生子女biological/birth/natural/realone s own childone s own child未child; child by blood必“亲生”诉讼费用costsexpense in litigationcosts 为通用的法律术
