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1、Aspirin a New Miracle DrugUsing aspirin,an over-the-counter pill on sale1 in every supermarket without a prescription,to treat serious circulatory disease may seem almost like quackery.But today doctors recognize this drug as a potent compound as important as antibiotics,digitalis and other miracle
2、drugs. In its natural form as willow bark and leaves,this remarkable remedy dates back to Hippocrates2.In 1829 the chemical in the willow tree that can relieve pain and reduce fever was discovered to be salicin.By 1899 the Bayer Company in Germany had marketed a variant,acetylsalicylic acid,3 under
3、the name of aspirin. Since then,aspirin and confounds containing aspirin have been taken by tens of millions of arthritis patients.As a pain killer aspirin is,according to one study,more effective than all other analgesics and narcotics available for oral use.It also acts on4 the bodys thermostat,tu
4、rning down fever. But some of its powers remained unsuspected until recently.In 1950 the late Dr.Craven wrote to a small western medical journal about 400 overweight,sedentary male patients to whom he had given one or two aspirin tablets a day.None had had a heart attack.He enlarged his group to 8,0
5、00 and in 1956 reported：Not a single case of detectable coronary or cerebral thrombosis5 andno major strokehad occurred in patients who had taken one or two tablets daily for from one to ten years.But his observations were largely ignored. Then Dr.Vane proved that aspirin turned off the bodys prosta
6、glandins6 hormonelike chemicals that can be secreted by every cell.Some potent prostaglandins are harmful compounds that create fever,pain and arthritis.One of them stimulates platelets in the blood to begin forming clots inside arteries.Aspirin blocks this dangerous effect. Vanes finding caused som
7、e researchers to recall Cravens 1956 observations,which now had a possible scientific explanation.Numerous studies were begun to find out whether aspirin could indeed inhibit heart attacks and stroke. In 1972,ten US medical institutions began twodouble-blindtrials7 of 303 patients who suffered from
8、transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)8.Four aspirin tablets a day were given to 153 patients,while placebo tablets were given to 150.Neither patients nor doctors knew which was which.After six months,the patients on aspirin had experienced much fewer TIAs,and fewer strokes and deaths from strokes than t
9、hecontrols.The results were so conclusive that aspirin has been used for this purpose widely. Food and CancerMedical expels have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence1 that vitamins could reduce a
10、persons chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute2 and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences3 in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the s
11、tudy. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of themtook vitamins and minerals every day for five years.Linxian was chosen because the people there have all extremely high rate of cancer of s
12、tomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals wer
13、e 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills4 that had no effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed t
14、o prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took carotene, vitamin E and selenium5. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.Scientists warn that it i
15、s too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials report
16、edly are considering using the results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China.Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, being threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the responses to a 13-page survey mailed in
