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1、Homework (1) Ubiquitous Computing* Due: the last day of concentrated lecture class1. Explain according to the graph in the slide Healthcare investments what are the major differences between U.S. Switzerland, Japan, Finland, South Korea, and Turkey?Although the U.S. system is the most expensive, it
2、consistently underperforms compared to the other countries.A major difference between the U.S. and the other countries in the study is that the U.S. is the only country without universal health care. Turkey is a country with the lowest life expectancy, which the country is relatively low spending on
3、 health care. Japan is in all countries the average age biggest country , but his health-care spending also not high, and acute day hospital treatment of less than 0.5, indicating theextent of the health of people in Japan are very high. Switzerland, the average age is close to the Japanese, while h
4、is health-careconsumption is very high, but the daily acute treatment of Switzerland was 1.0 1.4 .The mean life and health care in Korea and Finland consumes difference of phase anti big2. Explain 3G and 4G technologies and their applications in healthcare.3G or 3rd generation mobile telecommunicati
5、ons, is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunications services fulfilling theInternational Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT 2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. Application services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, mobile Intern
6、et access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment. 1. Important convergencing aspect of 3G technologya) ability to unify existing cellular standards, such as code-division multiple-access(CDMA), global system for mobile communications(GSM), and time-division multiple-access(TDMA)2. U
7、niversal Mobile Telecommunication System(UMTS)Architecture divides toa) Air Interfaceb) UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network(UTRAN)c) UMTS Core NetworkIn telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to the 3G and 2G families of standards. In 2008
8、, the ITU-Rorganization specified the IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced) requirements for 4G standards, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 Megabits per second for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 Gbps for low mobility co
9、mmunication (such as pedestrians and stationary users).A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP based mobile broadband solution to laptop computer wireless modems, smartphones, and other mobile devices. Facilities such as ultra-broadband Internet access, IP telephony, gam
10、ing services, and streamed multimedia may be provided to users.1. 4G (fourth generation) will integrate existing technologiesa) UMTS, GSM, WLAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, UWB etc. Into a seamless system2. Expected key features of 4G networksa) High usability, IP-based heterogeneous networksi. Allowable to
11、use any system at anytime at anywhereb) Support for multimedia servicesi. High data rate, good reliability, low per0bit transmission costsc) Personalized servicesd) Provide facilities to integrate servicesi. Multiple services from many providers at the same time.Technological characteristics of 4G1.
12、 Transmission speeds av. 200 Mb/s (min 50-100 Mb/s)2. System capacity 10 times that of 3G3. Transmission costs per bit 1/10 to 1/100 of 3G4. Support for Internet Protocols (IPv6)5. Various quality of services (QoS)a) Many kind of best effort multimedia sevices6. User-friendly servicea) Short waiting
13、 times, access to many services in short time span7. The new wireless technologies will allow both physicians and patients to roam freely, while maintaining the access to critical patient data and medical knowledge3. Explain RFID applications and solutions in healthcareThe application of RFID in hea
14、lthcare has, in fact, just begun. Healthcare organizations do expect that RFID can help save costs and improve patient safety, and limited but increasing numbers of hospitals are testing RFID, but most, if not all, of the few projects that we see are on a small scale. Many of them started with track
15、ing and managing equipment. Few hospitals are conducting trials on tagging patients, staff and equipment in particular rooms or areas. In October 2004 the emergency department of the Washington Hospital Center in Washington, D.C. deployed an RFID system with 20 readers and around 100 tags. This syst
16、em was expected to allow tracking the status and exact location of patients, staff and essential equipment . 4. Explain the idea of wireless ECG monitoring.In the improvement of healthcare delivery services, the first function of the WPMS is to alert its wearer of the approach or development of a potential medical emergency, so that precautionary action can be taken. Moreover, the use of wireless physiologi
