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1、-走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪既遂与未遂形态之探析摘要对走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪既遂与未遂形态的研究，在目前毒品犯罪案件高发的形势下显得尤为必要。因为不管是学术界还是司法实务界对该罪犯罪形态的认定与理解，莫衷一是，可谓是仁者见仁，智者见智。犯罪形态关乎量刑，关乎着刑法的正义功能实现。在走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪既遂与未遂形态区分上，涉及到刑法理论中犯罪目的说、犯罪结果说及犯罪构成要件齐备说等理论学说。其中，犯罪构成要件齐备说是通说，但笔者认为，该理论经实践检验，也是有缺陷的。笔者从三个学说的适应性及缺乏出发，认为应对“犯罪构成要件齐备说进展改进，在此根底上说明了以犯罪构成要件所涉要素齐备
2、作为区分犯罪既遂与未遂的理论工具。本文重点探讨分析走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪犯罪既遂与未遂的有关问题，提出本罪既遂的标志问题。确定本罪既遂的标志问题，又牵涉到行为犯、结果犯、危险犯、举动犯的界定问题。笔者从本罪客观要件危害行为的特点、行为人犯罪的目的及打击毒品犯罪的形势和任务出发，认为本罪犯罪既遂类型属行为犯。但行为犯完成的标志是什么，行为完成到什么程度才属于本罪的既遂。笔者围绕此，进展了广泛的讨论。在讨论分析的根底上，笔者提出和说明了本罪的既未遂标准，以供理论界和司法界参考。全文共分为两大局部，共六个问题。第一大局部为走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪既遂未遂之概述。共分为两个问题。第一个问题是
3、“犯罪既遂与未遂的区分标准，从犯罪未遂的概念出发，概括和归纳了理论界关于区分既遂与未遂的理论，并提出了“犯罪构成要件所涉要素齐备作为区分犯罪与未遂的理论工具。第二个问题是“走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪既遂未遂之一般分析。笔者从犯罪既遂的四种类型出发，论述本罪可区分既遂与未遂，并提出本罪属行为犯*畴。第二大局部具体从走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪选择的罪名出发，分走私毒品罪、贩卖毒品罪、运输毒品罪、制造毒品罪四个罪名局部进展论述。第一局部为走私毒品罪的既遂未遂认定。笔者认为本罪既未遂认定应区分通关和绕关，从海路、陆路和空路三种运输方式来分析既未遂问题。认为通关走私，以是否通关验放为标准。非通关走私
4、，陆路以越过边界限为准，海路、空路以越过领海、领空，并摆脱海关边境监管时为准。第二局部为贩卖毒品罪的既未遂认定。该局部为全文的重点。笔者从学说界的各种观点谈起，分析其长处和缺乏，并提出了自己的观点，即“出卖毒品实际交易说，作为认定贩卖毒品罪既遂与未认定的标准，认为行为人的交易须是发生在毒品出卖阶段，并实际进入和完成毒品交易的，为犯罪既遂。该观点抑制了以往观点的缺乏，符合毒品犯罪的形势及打击毒犯罪的实际需要。第三局部为运输毒品罪的既未遂认定，从该罪现有理论观点出发，笔者说明了“目的地说作为认定运输毒品罪既遂与未遂的标准。第四局部为制造毒品罪的既未遂认定，笔者在分析实践中制造毒品的行为特点出发，说
5、明了该罪既遂的认定标准。关键词毒品犯罪既遂未遂确认标准行为犯abstract to smuggle, traffic in, transport or manufacture narcotic drugs and crime acplishment in the form of attempted, drug crimes of current situation is particularly important. Because both academia or judicial practice on crime of criminal identification, academia,
6、 it is anyones guess. Crime pattern for the criminal law, the penalty function of justice. Smuggle, traffic in, transport or manufacture narcotic drugs and crime acplishment forms, attempted to distinguish involved in the theory of criminal law and criminal crime objective said the criminal elements
7、 theory is that such a theory. Among them, the crime elements is ready, but the author thinks that the theory and practice of the test is defective. Based on the theory of three, and inadequate response is that crime constitutions, say on the basis of the criminal elements to illustrate elements inv
8、olved crime acplishment is distinguished with the theoretical tool attempted. This paper analyzes smuggle, traffic in, transport or manufacture narcotic drugs and crime crime acplishment, and puts forward the relevant problems attempted this symbol of acplishment. Determine its acplishment, the symb
9、ol also involves behavioral offence, the danger, the definition, act mitted. Based on this objective elements of the harm of behavior characteristic, the doer of crime and drug crimes purpose of the situation and task of crime acplishment, think this type of behavior is made. But the behavior made p
10、lete, what is the sign of the finished only belong to what e*tent its acplishment. The author around here, has been discussed widely. In the paper, on the basis of the author and e*pounds its attempted standard for both theory and judicial reference.The divided into two parts, si* problems. Most of
11、the first to smuggle, traffic in, transport or manufacture narcotic drugs and crime is attempted. Divided into two questions. The first question is crime acplishment and distinguish standard, the doctrine of the concept of attempted from crime, and summarizes the theoretical acplishment about distin
12、guish with the theory, and proposes attempted a criminal elements involved in criminal elements with plete as the theoretical tool attempted. The second problem is to smuggle, traffic in, transport or manufacture narcotic drugs and crime is the general analysis attempted. From the crime acplishment
13、of the four types, the article discusses its fundamental distinction, and put forward the crimce attempted to belong to act mitted category.From the second most specific to smuggle, traffic in, transport or manufacture narcotic drugs of choice, the crime of smuggling drugs, selling points drugs, tra
14、nsport or manufacture narcotic drugs drug crimes charges. Four The first part for drug smuggling crime acplishment attempted. The author thinks that we should distinguish crimce both attempted clearance and close in two ways, from the sea, land and hitting three modes of transportation attempted to
15、analyze both problems. From the crime objective elements of behavior, and consider the characteristics in the actual situation of drug-related crimes, clarify and puts forward the acplishment of the choice between connected. And the choice of whole being is attempted failed cognizance effect present
16、ed their views. If that smuggling, customs clearance for verifying standard. The customs boundary of smuggling, land, with over territorial sea, with over truck, and get rid of the customs and border airspace while regulatory. The second part of the doctrine is selling drug crimes. This te*t into focus. The theory of various views about, analyze its advantages and disadvantages, and proposed own view, namely sell, the real deal drugs that crime objective be
