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1、精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除学 习 资 料 专 题状语从句状语从句知识精讲一、状语从句概述定义状语从句用作状语,是起副词作用的句子。位置状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。分类根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。作用它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。二、状语从句的分类1. 时间状语从句用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句,具体用法如下表。从句引导词用法例句when/while/as(当时)when引导的从句的谓语动词
2、可以是延续性动词,又可以是瞬时动词。when有时表示“就在那时”。1 1. When she came in, I stopped eating.(瞬时动词)当她进来的时候,我停下吃东西。2 2. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.(延续性动词)当我住在乡下的时候,我经常带些水给他。while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。while有时还可以表示对比。1 1. While my wife was reading the newspaper,
3、I was watching TV. (同时发生)当我妻子在读报纸的时候,我在看电视。2 2. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.(对比)我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。as表示“一边一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后”。1. We always sing as we walk. (一边一边)我们总是边唱边走。2. As we were going out, it began to snow.(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生)我们刚一出门就开始下雪了。
4、before (在之前) before的本意为“在之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“就/才”1 1. Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡前确定所有的灯都关上。2 2. You cant watch TV before you finish your homework.写完作业才能看电视。since (自从)表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。1. Its a long time since I met you last. 好久不见。2. Mr.
5、 Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.自从三年前来到中国,Mr. Green就在那所学校教书。since可以引导原因状语从句;一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。1 Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.既然今天你有时间,最好能帮我补补数学。till/until(直到)主句为肯定式,主句谓语动词必须为持续性动词,且该动词所表示的动
6、作或状态一直延续到 until / till 从句所表示的时间为止。1. He waited until/till I returned.他会等到我回来。2. He kept learning Math till his mother came back.直到他妈妈回来,他一直在学数学。主句为否定式(包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定词的肯定句)一般先译从句“直到”,后译主句,not译成“才”,即“直到才” 1. He didnt leave until/till he was asleep.直到他睡着,他才离开。2. She d
7、idnt sleep until/till I returned.她直到我回来才睡下。2. 结果状语从句结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,通常位于主句之后。引导结果状语从句的从属连词如下表。引导词构成备注例句sothat(如此以至于)1. so+adj./adv.+that 2. so+adj.(a/an)+n.+that so与表示数量的代词many,few,much,little等连用1. It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming.天如此热以至于我们想去游泳。2. The poor family has so litt
8、le money that they cant afford the expensive car.这个家庭有如此少的钱,以至于买不起这昂贵的车。suchthat(如此以至于)such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+thatsuch与a lot of 组成固定搭配,此时a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配如:such a lot of people 1. He is such a marvelous joker that you cant help laughing.他是如此出色的一个段子手,以至你会不禁大笑。2. There are such a lot of people o
9、n the beach that we have no place to enjoy our holiday.海滨有如此多的人,以至我们没地度假。3. 目的状语从句:从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。1). so that 以便(达到某种目的)如:You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all.你要大点声说,这样大家就都能听到你了。2). in order that 为了,如:She got up early in order that she could get to school on time.=She got u
10、p early in order to get to school on time.为了能够准时到校,她很早起床。4. 条件状语从句由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。引导词用法例句if(如果)1. 由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。(真实条件句)构成:1) 主句:主语+ 一般将来时从句:if+主语+ 一般现在时2) 主句:祈使句从句:主语+ 一般现在时3) 主句:主语+情态动词从句:if+主语+ 一般现在时1. If you ask him, he will help you.如果你让他帮忙,他会帮的。2. Study hard, if you w
11、ant to pass the exam.如果想通过考试,要努力学习。3. I can go with you if you want.如果你想,我可以跟你走。2. if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设;(非真实条件句)表示与现在事实相反的情况,构成:从句:if+主语+过去时(be动词均用were)主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do1. If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我就会邀请他去派对。2. If I had any money with me,
12、 I could lend you some.如果那会我有钱,我就会借给你。unless(除非)表示强烈的否定;意思上=if not翻译为:除非,若不,除非在的时候;1. You will fail unless you work harder.你如果不努力,就会失败。2. Dont come unless I call you.除非我叫你,否则不要来。as long as(只要就)as long as也表示一种条件,但不是很强烈,是一种假设的条件。I will be ready to help you as long as you need me.只要你需要,我随时可以帮忙。注意:1). u
13、nless 从句里的谓语只能是肯定式,因为unless本身表示否定;unless=if not,如:Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. =If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.如果你不是很累,我们出去散个步吧。2). 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.如:If you will(愿意) wait a minute, Ill go and tell my mother that you are here.如果你愿意等一分钟,
14、我将去告诉我妈妈你在这里。3). 下列从句中的will不是将来时助动词,而是情态动词。翻译为“愿意”,如:If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.如果你愿意读书,我就会借给你。Will you marry me? 你愿意嫁给我吗?5. 让步状语从句1). 让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管”或“即使”,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。2). 引导让步状语从句的连词有:although, though, as, if, even if, even though, while, whether (.) or not, whatever,
15、 no matter what/how/why,如:Though they are twin brothers, they dont look like each other.尽管他们是双胞胎,但看起来一点都不像。6. 地点状语从句引导词用法示例where(在地方)“where引导的地点状语从句,(there+)主句” “哪里哪里就”。主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。You should have put the book where you found it.你应该把书放回原处。wherever(无论在哪)anywhere/wherever引导地点状语从句+主句。anywhere本身是个副词,但是常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相当于where