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1、嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用十五. 名 词 性 从 句 名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：A.连词：that, whether, if（这三个词都不作从句的成分，同时，that无含义，而whether和if都表“是否”）B.疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, whichC.疑问副词：when, where, why, how（一）主语从句 在复合句中充当主语的从句。1.that引导主语从句 that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词，既无词义也不作成分，只起单纯的连接作用，且通常不可以省。为了强调that引导的主语从句而
2、置之于句首时，that不可省。 That the driver could not control his car was obvious. That she was chosen made us very happy. That he will come is certain. That he would take the risk is true. That he should have married her isnt surprising.通常，that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语，把从句置于句尾，此时that有时可省。例如： It was obvious that the driv
3、er could not control his car. It made us very happy that she was chosen. It is certain that he will come. It is true that he would take the risk. It isnt surprising (that) he should have married her.如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it结构。例如：Is it certain that he will come?Is it true that he would take the
4、risk?it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构：(1)It + be + 形容词+ that-从句It is likely that he will come.It is strange that she has ever trusted him.It is important that he（should) attend the meeting.It is best that he (should) go. 此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也常用（should）+ v原形。 It is strange that no one should have objec
5、ted to the plan.(2)It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. Its a pity that he should have massed the train.(3) It + be + -ed分词 + that从句 It is said that he is a famous writer. It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon.在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词常
6、用（should）do。（参见虚拟语气部分）It is suggested that the meeting(should）be held this afternoon. It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.(4) It + seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句。（look不接that从句，它接to be结构或形容词）It seems that he is wrong.It appears that they are in urgent need of help.He looks (to be) surprise
7、d/happy/sad.2. whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。(置于句首时必须用whether引导，置于句尾时，间或可用if。)Whether he will win the game is not clear.Whether he will come is uncertain.Whether she comes or not doesnt concern me.It is not clear whether/if he will come.It was uncertain whether he would come.3.连词代词what, who, w
8、hich, whose等引导的主语从句。 这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。What we need is more time.Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.Whose book it is not important.Which school you want to go matters much.4.连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句。 这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语。Why he did this is not known.When he
9、will come is still unknown.It is not known why he did this.How he succeeded is unknown to us.Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed.注意 wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在（到）哪里”等。Whoever told you to give up smoking w
10、as quite right.Whatever he gave you should be handed in.Whoever told you that was lying.Whoever comes is welcome.（二）表语从句 在复合句中充当表语。1. that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，通常不省。1)表示事实、真理等的实际内容。The fact is that he is lying.The odds are that he will not do it.2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。Our belief is that things will improve.T
11、he trouble is that we are short of money.2. whether引导表语从句（不可用if)His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet.The question is whether people will buy it.3.连接代词引导的表语从句。This is what I want.The question is who can be chosen to be manager of the company.My question is which of them is better.4.连
12、接副词引导的表语从句。The problem seemed how we could make him understand it.The question is where we should go.5. as if, as though引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）He looks as if he were angry.It looks as if its going to rain.(三)宾语从句 在复合句中充当宾语。1. that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。 that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于except that, in that, save that, but th
13、at等是复合从属连词。I know（that）you have met him.Lets suppose that one day this happens to you.在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如： I told him（that）he was wrong.在少数动词如：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine,calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上
14、,这叫否定前置/否定转移。(hope“希望”, guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望不是那样的”，是I hope so.的否定式。I dont hope so.是对hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。)如：I dont think it will be very cold today.I dont think you are right.I dont believe he has finished his work.注意并非必须否定转移。若需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移。不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都理解为否定宾语从句，要根据句意或语境而定。 I dont
15、 think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise.我不认为外交是私人可以经营的领域。 We didnt think wed be this late.我们没有料到我们会来得这么晚。当think用在疑问句中，或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用，或主句中的谓语动词被do强调时，不能否定转移。Why do you think we cant change your note?I do believe Tom never tells a lie.They still didnt believe that the food would come.他们仍然不相信洪水会来临。I cant believe that they are married.我不能相信他们已结婚了。否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用，就不能否定转移。此时若主句动词为否定，应
