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1、 新课程标准下高中英语写作教学初探李绍刚 写是听、说、读、写四项语言技能的重要组成部分之一，更是语言能力的重要表现形式。然而，写作教学是许多教师最头疼的教学课。“听到写作学生心烦，见到习作教师头痛”的现象屡见不鲜。中学生普遍对写作持畏惧心理。学生习作中多存在词汇贫乏、语法概念模糊、病句多、汉语式表达、表达不到位、符合句使用不当等基本功不扎实的问题。 在写作练习中，大多数教师只注重写作结果，忽视了写作前的引导过程，因而学生习作中多表现为信息处理凌乱，表达缺乏一定的逻辑性且言之无物。因此，高中阶段加强写作训练是非常必要的。 “万丈高楼平地起”。写作是一个循序渐进的过程，写作的提高是由简单到复杂，由
2、低级到高级上升的过程。因此，写作能力的提高必须从最基础的知识抓起。一、 指导学生运用新词进行写作 “词不离句”。新词的学习是为了更好地进行表达，把句子表现得更形象、生动。词汇只有放在句子中才能体现其真正意义。在教学中，许多教师只注重学生单词的记忆，忽视了运用单词来造句、写作。一个单元学完，学生靠死记硬背，虽然记住了许多词，但是缺乏运用练习，不久又遗忘了，在运用中学习是最牢固的。1. 尽可能多地运用新词造句。在识记单词时，应多引导学生用词造句，所造的句子有意识地把本单元的写作联系起来，做到学以致用。例如：必修一 Unit 1 Friendship 的写作练习的主题为给小东提建议如何交友的问题。在
3、教授学生单词时，教师应有意识地引导学生用新词造句，以备写作时应用。例如新词join in和swap 可造句为If you join in the discussion, you will swap your idea with others, and you will understand each other better.或者If you want to make friends with you classmates, you will join in their discussion and let them know more about you等。2. 以旧换新，作文更精彩。在写作
4、练习中，指导学生有意识地用新词替换旧词，作文的表现力更强。例如I dont agree with you 可替换为I disagree with you. I dont like playing football可替换为I dislike playing football.you can exchange your idea with your friends可替换为you can swap your idea with your friends等。二、 指导学生从写单句到复合句的过渡 复合句的使用能使书面表达更富有表现力、更出彩。但是大多数学生到了高三，只会写基本的简单句，有点甚至还错误重重
5、。一些基础好的学生，由于缺乏引导，也不敢尝试写复合句，一味地使用简单句，学生的写作水平得不到相应的提高。但是，要写出较好的复合句，需要从简单句入手。1. 引导学生熟练掌握五种简单句的基本句型：主语+不及物动词（She came）；主语+及物动词+宾语(She likes English)；主语+系动词+表语(She is happy)；4.主语+双宾语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(She gave John a book)；5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(She make her mother angry)。简单句句型的练习，要反复地套用句式进行练习，做到运用自如，合乎规范，然后增加定语和状
6、语等使句子变长。2. 引导学生由写简单句过渡到写复合句，并进行复合句的专项练习。（1） 由简单句到定语从句的过渡。在学生习作中，大多数学生只会用简单句，不会用定语从句。例如学生习作中well get to the history museum at noon.There we can learn some knowledge可合并为定语从句well get to the history museum at noon，where we can learn some knowledge.又如My mother is very strict with me,she often reminds me
7、to study hard可合并为定语从句My mother who often reminds me to study hard is very strict with me等.诸如此类的句子，在学生习作后给予适当的提醒，可起到画龙点睛的作用。（2） 由简单句到四种名词性从句的过渡。(主语)His job is important.(主语从句)What he does is important. （表语）This is his job.（表语从句）This is what he does every day.（宾语）I dont like his job.（宾语从句）I dont like
8、what he does ever day.4.（同位语）I dont know the man Mr White.（同位语从句）I dont know the fact he is a teacher.3. 指导学生在写作中适当增加句头，使句子表达更增色例如：It is said/reported that据说/据报道 It is well-known that众所周知 There is no doubt that毫无疑问 There is no need to do没有必要等。在以遭遇干旱、节约用水为题的作文中，学生在习作中写到：Many provinces suffered from h
9、eavy drought.可增加句头使句子变为 It is reported that many provinces suffered from heavy drought.又如 Water is very important.可增加句头为It is well-known that water is very important. 这样增加了句头以后，简单句变成了复合句，句子得到了加长，更具表现力，作文档次也得到了提升。三、 指导学生运用作文模板仿写 当学生具备了一定的写作基础后，教师可指导学生采用专题模板进行仿写练习，模板具有结构完整、层次分明、格式规范等特点，有利于养成规范的写作习惯，也有
10、利于基础稍差的学生迅速提高他们的写作水平。可把模板分成以下几类：正反对比类；书信类（电子邮件）；申请信;通知类;看图作文类等。以议论文正反对比观点类为例： Recently we had a heated discussion about whether we should.(话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.Most of the students are in favor of it. First，. Second，. Finally，.（赞成观点）However, the others are strongly against it.T
11、heir reasons are as follows. In the first place，. Whats more，. In addition，.（反对观点）Personally speaking,. （个人观点）以这样的模板为结构，反复训练几个作文题目，直到学生熟练为止。这样写作的弊端是：学生作文千篇一律，约束了学生的写作思维，不利于成绩好的学生自由发挥。但是对于大多数学生，不失为一种有效的训练方法。四、 运用课文材料进行写作训练 1.缩写缩写是一种有效的作文训练方式，缩写文章必须先理清课文的篇章结构，抓住各段落的主旨大意以及事情发展的顺序，然后才能组织文章的顺序，做到前后合乎逻辑，叙
12、述简明扼要。缩写的训练有利于培养学生学生归纳、总结的学习能力，在课文教学中教师应不失时机抓住训练机会。例如学完高中英语必修四第四单元课文A Pioneer For All People 后，要求学生利用以下列表缩写课文：Name： Yuan Longping Nationality：China Age： 83 Occupation： agriculture scientistEducation： college graduate, a doctors degreeDream: to produce a kind of rice that could feed more people; To e
13、xport his rice so that it can be grown around the globeAchievement:inventing hybrid riceHobbies: listening to violin music, playing mah-jong,swimming, reading 建议学生可以这样开头： Yuan Longping，who was born in 1930, is one of Chinas most famous scientist 2.改写改写是一种广泛采用的语言教学策略。课标也要求能根据课文改编短剧或根据所读文章进行转述。改写形式多种多
14、样。如短文改写成对话或对话改写成短文等。在学习了高中英语必修三 Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank-note 一文后，要求学生把对话按故事发生的顺序改写为一篇记续性的短文。可以这样开头：In the summer of 1903, an American businessman named Henry had some bad luck. He was carried out to sea by a strong wind and was spotted by a ship3. 续写 续写是在结合前文的基础上，联系生活实际展开合理的想象。续写可以充分调动学生的想象力、拓
15、展他们的思维空间，开发学生的潜能。在作文训练中适当增加此类训练，可以提高学生的写作能力。例如，学习了高中英语必修三 Unit1 中A Sad Love Story后，指导学生续写短故事。例如： Three years later. Li Fang and Hu jin met at the gate of the coffee shop again.Now they was calm.When they talked about why they broke up,they could face it.The misunderstanding finally was obvious.Li Fang looked nervous.He was send to the USA last three years and lost his mobile phone.So he could not connected with Hu Jin. Li Fang was alone now.He wanted to get her back. At this moment,a young man walked here.Hu Jin stood up and introduced that he was her husband.Li
