字母和字母组合发音规则 第二节 字母和字母组合发音规则一)元音字母的读音规则1. 重读开音节字母 a e i (y) o u重读开音节 [ ei ] [i:] [ai] [əu] [ju:] [u:]例词same, nametake, age we, theseshe, he, white, myby, kite, flyno, those,go, homeuse, tuberule, blue例外:give, come, gone, ate, done, move, prove, 2. 重读闭音节——重点、难点 字母 a e i (y) o u重读闭音节 [æ] [e ] [ i ] [ɔ] [u] [ʌ] 例词cap, bagmap, mad desk, let net, pet, yetpig, it, gymhit, is, swim shop, clocklot, hot, notduck, cupput, push例外:many, any, comb, tomb, climb, 3.非重读音节 字母 a e i (y) o u非重读音节 [ə] [i] [ə] [i] [i] [ə] [ə]例词again, Chinapalace, comradeopen, studentrepeat, beforecity, officesecond, producesuggestdifficult例外:hello, 4. 元音字母 + r 的读音规则 r音节 重读 例 词非重读 例 词 ar[a:] car, park, large, mark [ə] calendar er ir ur [ə:]serve, verb, herbshirt, skirt, circle, birdnurse, turn, murderdriver murmur or [ɔ:] for, horse, northwork, world, worddoctoractor5.re重读音节的读法Re音节 读音 例 词are [εə]care dareere [iə] [εə]mere herethere whereire [aiə]fire hireore[ɔ:]more storeure [uə] [juə]surecure pure6.元音字母组合的读音规则(重读)字母组合重读 例 词ai[ei]wait, failaymay day play stayau[ɔ:] cause faultaw law, sawair[εə] hair chairea[e] head dead breakfast[i:] meat pleaseee meet bee fleeear[iə]hear deareer beer cheerew[u:] drew flewoa[əu]coat, road, boat, loadoe[i:]phoenixoi[ɔi] boil, voiceoy boy joyoo[u:] moon schoolou[au] house loudow now how[əu] show snow knowoor[ɔ:] door flooroar roar boardour four course[auə] sour flourowe towel vowelower power floweria[aiə] bias dialogueie quiet scienceio riot violence lion ui[u:] [ju:][i] suit fruit biscuit circuit build juice例外:piece [pi:s]新版国际音标学习 英语共有48个音标,其中元音20个(单元音12个,双元音8个),辅音包含清辅音和浊辅音26个(一舌、二半、三鼻、六爆、六破、十摩擦 )。
一、元 音 在英语的元音中,一共有12个单元音和8个单元音, 双元音是由两个元音音标所组成的音素,发音时要注意“前轻后重,前长后短”的特点一)单元音(12个)1、/i:/ 例词: me he she see tea key east 发音要诀: 舌抵下齿,嘴唇扁平,做微笑状,发“一”之长音2、/ I / 例词: it big ship study listen发音要决:舌抵下齿,双唇扁平分开,牙床近于全合,发短促之“一”音3、/e/ 例词: bed get end let head many friend lesson发音要决:舌近硬颚,舌尖抵下齿,牙床半开半合,做微笑状4、/ æ / 例词: map cap cat bad and apple发音要决:双唇扁平,舌前微升,舌尖抵住下龈,牙床全开,软腭升起,唇自然开放5、/ɑ:/ 例词: car fast dark star card hard farm garden的发音:双唇张而不圆,牙床大开,舌后微升,舌尖向后收缩,微离下齿,发“啊”之长音。
6、/ ʌ / 例词: cup mother touch 发音要决:双唇张而不圆,牙床大开,舌后微升,舌尖向后收缩,微离下齿,发短促之“啊”音7、/ə:/ 例词: her bird dirt early worker purse发音要决:舌上抬,唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,发“厄”之长音8、/ə / 例词: ago panda teacher doctor around famous发音要决:舌上抬,唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,牙床较张开,发“厄”之短音9、/u:/ 例词: zoo who ruler food fruit cool shoot发音要决:双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,自然而不用力,发“屋”之长音10、/u / 例词: foot good cook book took full should发音要决:双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,自然而不用力,发短促之“屋”音11、/ɔ:/ 例词: horse water short door talk saw autumn 发音要决:双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间,牙床半开至全开,舌尖卷上再过度为卷后。
12、/ ɔ / 例词: dog what ball call hall talk bought发音要决:双唇稍微向外突出成圆形,舌后升起,舌尖抵下齿,发“奥”音二)双元音(8个)1、/ ei / 例词: age day they eight great date wait race 发音要决::舌尖抵住下齿,牙床半开半合,双唇扁平,由发“哀”音平稳过渡到发“一”之长音2、/ ai / 例词: hi my bye fly high buy rice like light发音要决:将口张开略圆,舌后微升,舌尖向后收缩,由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音3、/ ɔi / 例词: boy toy oil join soil noise发音要决:双唇外突成圆形,发“奥”音逐渐过度为双唇扁平分开,发“一”之短音4、/ əu / 例词: no own note bowl boat know shoulder 发音要决:口半开半闭,舌后微升,过渡双唇成圆形,发“欧”之音5、/ au / 例词: out now town sound house brown 发音要决:将口张开略圆,渐渐合拢,双唇成圆形,由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。
6、/ iə / 例词: ear deer fear here idea near 发音要决:双唇张开,牙床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过度为上卷,从“一”音过渡到“厄”音7、/εə / 例词: air hair bear dare there their carefully发音要决:双唇张开后略圆,牙床张开相当宽,舌尖卷上渐至卷后8、/ uə / 例词: sure poor tour february发音要决:双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,发“屋”之长音,然后从“屋”过渡到“厄”音二、辅 音(28个) 国际音标里总共有28个辅音音素,辅音里面有清辅音和浊辅音,浊辅音在发音时声带振动,而清辅音在发音时声带不振动一) 摩擦音(10个) 摩擦音是发音时,气流开始部分受到阻碍,随后气流从缝隙中泄出,发出声音 1、 /f/ 例词: fat fast face fine life fire phone father /v/ 例词: of love view vine very violin leave 发音要决:下齿轻触上齿,气流从唇齿间的缝隙泻出摩擦成音,/f/ 是清辅音,/v/浊辅音。
2 、/θ/ 例词: both cloth three thing mouth hanks birthday /e/ 例词: that than these bathe mother发音要决:舌尖轻触上齿背,气流从唇齿间的缝隙泻出摩擦成音,/θ/ 是清辅音, /e/ 是浊辅音3 、/s/ 例词: sun ice sea sell same face snake mouse /z/ 例词: zoo eyes nose knees prize music。