目 录第一章 数控机床的产生与发展······················································· 41.1数控车床的发展趋势·························································· 4第二章 零件的工艺分析···································································· 52.1 零件的用途·········································································· 52.2零件图的工艺分析······························································ 52.3零件的表面粗糙度····························································· 62.4零件的尺寸精度·································································· 6第三章 零件加工过程········································································· 63.1正确选择工件坐标原点······················································· 73.2确定对刀点、换刀点及刀点位置······································ 7第四章 制定数控车削加工工艺方案················································ 84.1 加工工序的划分···································································· 84.2. 加工顺序的确定····································································· 104.3 加工路线的确定····································································· 10第五章 工具的选择··············································································· 115.1 毛坯的选择·············································································· 115.2 机床的选择·············································································· 115.3 刀具的选择·············································································· 135.4 量具的选择··············································································· 145.5 夹具的选择··············································································· 15第六章 切削参数的确定········································································· 156.1 确定主轴转速·············································································· 156.2 确定进给速度·············································································· 166.3 切削用量的确定·········································································· 166.4 加工余量的确定·········································································· 186.5 背吃刀量的确定·········································································· 18第七章 切削液的选择·············································································· 18第八章 装夹方式和定位基准的选择·················································· 198.1装夹方式的选择··········································································· 198.2 定位基准的选择·········································································· 20第九章 程序的编制及工艺文件的制定··············································· 219.1 制定刀具卡·················································································· 219.2 制定工艺卡·················································································· 249.3 制定工序卡·················································································· 259.4 数控加工程序的编制································································ 26总 结参考文献编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页 共1页第一章 数控机床的发展1.1数控车床的发展趋势数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，使制造业成为工业化的象征 ，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，他对国计民生的一些重要行业（IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等）的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。
从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看,其主要研究热点大致分为以下4个方面1)高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势 (2)轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展 (3)智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势 (4)重视新技术标准、规范的建立 为了满足市场和科学技术发展的需要,为了达到现在制造技术对数控技术提出了更高的要求,数控未来仍然继续想开放式,基于PL的地六代方向、高速化和高精度化、智能化等方向发展第二章 零件的工艺分析数控加工工艺是采用数控机床加工零件时所运用各种方法和技术手段的总和，应用于整个数控加工工艺过程数控加工工艺是伴随着数控机床的产生、发展而逐步完善起来的一种应用技术，它是人们大量数控加工实践的经验总结数控加工工艺过程是利用切削工具在数控机床上直接改变加工对象的形状、尺寸、表面状态等，使其成为成品或半成品的过程2.1 零件的用途图中所设计的零件为一复杂的轴类零件，而轴类零件又是机器中经常遇到的典型零件之一它主要用来连接和支承传动零部件，传递扭矩和承受载荷，图示的零件也不例外轴类零件是旋转体零件，其长度大于直径，一般由同心轴的外圆柱面、圆锥面、内孔和螺纹及相应的端面所组成。
根据结构形状的不同，轴类零件可分为光轴、阶梯轴、空心轴和曲轴等，图示零件则为阶梯轴所以，图中所示零件的用途是连接其它配合件，起的作用是支承其它传动零部件，传递扭矩和承受载荷，可用于汽车、机械等行业2.2零件图的工艺分析技术要求如下：（1）、不准用砂布及锉刀等修饰表面2）、未注倒角1×45o,锐角倒钝0.2×45°3）、未注公差尺寸为0.03结构工艺性分析零件的结构工艺性是指零件对加工方法的适应性，即所设计的零件结构应便于加工成型尺寸标注方法分析零件图上的尺寸标注方法应适应数控车床加工的特点如图所示，应以同一基准标注尺寸或直接给出坐标尺寸这种标注方法既便于编程，又利于设计基准，工艺基准，测量基准2.3零件的表面粗糙度零件的表面工作部位的不同，可有不同的表面粗糙度例如，普通机床主轴支承轴颈的表面粗糙度为Ra1.6～6.3μm随着机器运转速度的增大和精密度 的提高，轴类零件表面粗糙度值要求也将越来越小该零件表面粗糙度均为1.6μm对外圆柱面的粗糙度要求比较低，为Ra=1.6对外圆弧的粗糙度要求：为Ra=1.6对外螺纹的粗糙度要求：为Ra=1.62.4零件的尺寸精度该零件的总长度为143mm包括一个Φ26mm的镗孔。
一个R25.8mm的圆弧一个R20mm圆弧的一个长为Φ28mm 宽为10mm的槽和一个长为Φ33mm宽为10mm的槽一个长为Φ20宽为36mm，导程为1.5的螺纹，加工的端面有长Φ40mm宽20mm，长Φ54宽10mm，长Φ50mm宽5mm，长Φ41.4mm宽8.7mm，长Φ46mm，长Φ35mm宽15mm还有一部分要倒角，其中M36的螺纹需倒角2mm，其余部分倒角为C1.5.行位公差要求包括Φ28的槽上公差和下公差各要求为0.02和Φ33的公差要求为上公差要求为0下公差要求为-0.05Φ26的内孔上公差要求为0.04下公差要求为0.端面Φ54的公差要求为0.03R25.8长度为31的圆弧上下公差各要求为0.03零件的总长度上下公差要求各为0.05.第三章 零件加工过程通过加工工艺分析以及程序编写，开始对机床工艺参数进行设定，加工出零件，根据毕业设计要求，采用编程方式是手工编程，再将编写正确的程序输入数控系统FANUC中心进行零件加工；首先还要对机床工艺参数进行设定，包括设工件坐标原点、对刀点、换刀点等3.1正确选择工件坐标原点在数控车床CAK6140上建立工件坐标系（也称编程坐标系）， 一般将工件坐标系的Z轴设成与机床主轴中心线重合，X轴设在工件的左端面或右端面。
3.2确定对刀点、换刀点及刀点位置对刀就是确定刀尖在工件坐标系中的位置，对刀的好坏将直。