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1、群体（Group）检索报告第一篇：概念检索一、社会科学辞典1、 社会科学百科全书 亚当库珀 杰西卡库珀主编 上海译文出版社 1989索书号：C61/14Groups 群体 通常指众多的个人根据某种吸收原则以及一套成员权利和义务而联结在一起。任何按照吸收准则完成了手续的人都是群体的成员，并在群体中占有一个专门的地位；每个群体的成员都自动地享有权利，并履行一定的成员义务。反过来，群体则是社会结构的主要元素。社会群体则由在相互关联的角色从（诸如经济的，政治的，礼仪的和职业的）中互动的个人所组成。根据群体成员互动的性质，习惯把群体分为首属群体和次属群体。首属群体的成员发生面对面的互动（例如一个住处或家
2、庭），次属群体的成员相互之间并不一定发生直接的和个人的互动（例如职业群体或政治群体）。2、 社会科学大辞典索书号：G C61.40群体亦称社会群体，是具有共同评价与情感，持续地进行相互作用与共同活动的个人有机集合体。群体构成有4个要素：（1）共同活动； （2）共同评价与情感； （3）相互作用；（4）时间的持续。必须有两个以上的个人才能构成群体。小群体，一种规模较小，成员能够直接互动的群体，是社会的最小单元。3、 社会心理学辞典费穗宇 张潘仕主编 河北人民出版社 1988索书号：B849：C91/33群体：指人们的共同体，这种共同体按照一定的特征结合在一起，使他们能在统一的原则基础上进行共同活动
3、，相互交往。从而使他们参加到整个社会关系体系中去。假设群体：假设群体中的成员可能没有任何个人之间的接触，但具有受他们的阶级、年龄、职业或社会地位所制约的典型心理特点。真实群体：群体中的个人都在不同程度上发生相互作用和接触的群体。4、 Encyclopedia of sociologyGuilford, Conn.: Dushkin Pub. Group 1973, c1974索书号：C61/En19SMALL GROUPS, Sociologists use the term “small groups” to imply something more than simply social g
4、roups with only a few members. A small group, although defined differently by different sociologists, is a far more total interactive system than other groups. The actions of each member of the social system that is a small group are determined by constant face-to-face contact with each of the other
5、 member. In other situations the individual is less than fully tied to the group; he maintains membership in many groups simultaneously, and his involvement in any one is only part of the total basis for his actions. Small groups, on the other hand, tend to determine more completely how the individu
6、al will act. Membership in the small group ends when the face-to-face contact between members ends.SUBCULTURE, or group culture, refers to the more or less different folkways and more developed by each group within a society. Groups with common play, age, vocational, sexual, habitational, or other i
7、nterests evolve behavior patterns that differ from those of other groups and from societys conventions. The special attention focused on spectacularly defiant subcultures, subcultures, such as those of “hippies” and thieves, tends to obscure significant variations among all subcultures.5、 Encycloped
8、ia Of Social TheoryThousand Oaks , CA: Sage Publications, c2005.索书号：G C91-61/En19没有相关表述6、 Encyclopedia of sociology（V.1-4）New York: Macmillan, c1992.索书号：C91-61/En19b(V.1-4)SMALL GROUPS, in sociology, the concept “group” implies more than simply an aggregate of persons. Additional elements involved a
9、re （1）structureinteraction patterned in terms of statuses and roles;（2）historysome regularity or frequency of interaction over time;（3）interdependencesome degree of members mutual reliance on each other for needed or valued material and nonmaterial resources ; and（4）common identitygrounded in shared
10、 meanings, values, experiences, and goals. Frequently there is some group product, not necessarily of a material nature, that is the outcome or consequence of collective effort and interaction.Groups are regarded as “small” if meaningful and direct face-to-face interaction can take place among all m
11、embers. The number of members is usually thought of as ranging from two to twenty, with three to seven common in many laboratory studies of groups.7、 The Social Science EncyclopediaLondon; New York: Routledge, 1996.索书号：C61/so.13k2Groups, The concept group features prominently in sociology and anthro
12、pology because of their interest in social relationships that are habitual, institutionalized and relatively enduring. Group has been used in many different ways, but it commonly refers to a plurality of individuals bounded by some principle of recruitment and by a set of membership rights and oblig
13、ations. Everyone fulfilling the recruitment criteria is a member of the group and occupies a specific status in the group, and every group member automatically has the rights and discharges the obligations of membership. Groups are, in turn, the main element of the social structure.二、 专业辞典类1、 关键概念传播
14、与文化研究辞典 (美) 约翰费斯克等编撰 李彬译注 新华出版社 2004索书号：G206-61/2群体，是一群具有某些共同兴趣与目标的人.社会心理学家与社会学家确认了许多类型的群体.小群体(small groups)的特征在于成员之间通过角色扮演,目标确定与情感关系的发展而保持互动。2、新闻传播百科全书邱沛篁等主编 四川人民出版社 1998索书号：G210-61/2没有相关表述3、 新闻学大辞典甘惜分主编 河南人民出版社 1993索书号：G210-61/1群体传播：群体成员之间和群体与群体间进行的信息流通活动。数量不等的人群按照某种会聚的方式在一定的场所里进行的。三、心理学专业书籍1、心理学大
15、辞典主编林崇德 杨治良 黄希庭 上海教育出版社 2003索书号：G B84-61 23群体，介于组织与个人之间的人群结合体。至少由两人以上构成。具有以下特征：（1）各成员相互依赖，在心理上彼此意识到对方；（2）各成员在行为上相互作用，彼此影响；（3）各成员有“我们同属一群”的感受。构成条件：（1）各成员之间具有共同目标与利益；（2）各成员间得到密切协作和配合的组织保证；（3）群体要满足各成员的归属感；（4）群体成员之间需要有工作、信息、思想上的交流；（5）群体成员之间需要有感情交流。2、心理学百科全书心理学百科全书编辑委员会编 浙江教育出版社 1995索书号：G B84-61 14群体，具有某些共同社会心理特征的人的共同体。一个群体的成员通常是在一定的价值规范、目标的引导下相互作用、相互影响、协同活动的，属于同一个群体的成员有着共同的利益、愿望，能够认识到其他成员的存在。四、百科全书1、 The Encyclopedia Britannica(V9-32)索书号：G/Z256.1/En19e13(V9-32)没有相关表述2、 The Encyclopedia Americana(V1-30)Danbury, Conn. : Grolier, c1988.索书号：G/Z271.2/En19/1988(V1-30)Group(math) 只有数学层面的群的定义3、
